Schizophrenia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Schizophrenia - Essay Example Several people who suffer from schizophrenia are not always violent and they do not cause harm to others. The disease is not associated with childhood experiences or inadequate parental guidance and the signs and symptoms  differ  from one person  to another (Swerdlow, 2010). The primary cause of schizophrenia is not very precise, and multiple factors have been associated to predispose and cause the disease. Several scientists have associated schizophrenia with genetics as the main cause since it runs in the familial tree and that an individual inherits the disease. Similarly, schizophrenia has been identified to develop when an individual’s body undergoes several hormonal and physical changes, for example during puberty in adolescents. The disease may as well be triggered by some environmental factors such as infections by virus or when an individual is in a highly stressful situation. Chemical imbalance in the brain is another major cause of schizophrenia, whereby serotonin and dopamine fail to be in optimal levels. These chemicals (neurotransmitters) have a major function of allowing the nerve cells in the brain to send a signal to other parts. An imbalance of these neurotransmitters affects an individual’s brain reaction to stimuli. Thi s provides an explanation why an individual with schizophrenia occasionally gets overwhelmed by some sensory stimuli such as loud music or dazzling lights, which normal individuals easily handle (Roder & Medalia, 2010). There are no specific signs and symptoms of schizophrenia and they differ from one person to another. The symptoms  can  slowly develop  over an extended period, sometimes several months to years and occasionally they may abruptly appear. In some cases, the disease may be on and off or persist continuously. Some of the symptoms include: hallucinations; where an individual feel or see things that are not real, an individual feels that he/she is always being watched, strange speaking of words,

Movie 'Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967)' review about race

'Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967)' about race according to reading 'In Characters - Movie Review Example The following movie is wonderfully and benevolently an entertaining film. Its production is much in the way of arena drawing humor that seems to involve something more severe and difficult than it really looks. Racism becomes the center problem in the movie. In this relation, Jackson’s article reveals that blacks face a higher percentage of racism in the movie production sphere. Basing on the movie, the marriage between the black man and white miss does not go through because of social bias and race. Thus, the article tries to uphold the concept of racism in Hollywood. In relation to acts of the movie, the theme of racism reflects in different situations. Firstly is the determination of white apprehension about race in the current universal privileges period. Moreover, accepted customs hardly ever challenged the people who had run away from thorough media analysis earlier kept for the whites. In rare instances, the movie tries to analyze prejudice around the south. Thus, the result is cautious and straightforward. In this relation, a problem notable in this movie bases on Spenser Stacy and Katherine Hepburn who viewed themselves as very influential and successful white people. Their moment busts when their daughter came in with a black boyfriend. They became disappointed due to the spirit of racism in them (Hamilton137). Basing on the article, people who have been in supremacy for a very long era were the whites. They tended to employ other white in supporting them. In addition, when they saw a chronicle, people involved were white men or particular kinds of their women. However, as several generations come into place different looks come into play. Thus, this integrates all actors around the globe to the movie industry. Basing on above, understanding of racism becomes clear. In relation, the movie is all about the whites and only a few blacks like the black fiancà © emerge. Basing on the

Background Of IHRM In China

Background Of IHRM In China In the 21st century, HR managers have to meet new challenges. The economy and markets are varied from those of a decade ago. As patterns have modified, the characteristics influencing International Human Resource Management (IHRM) are also changed due to the unfavorable effects of the rising internationalization of all industries particularly to the ones that functions worldwide (Briscoe and Schuler, 2009). Such organizations must build up effective structures and operates in order to keep up to pace with significance, modern trends and policies. The capability of a business to stay in substantial era of time in the industry where it belongs is one measure of its accomplishment. With the recent globalization, every business must operate more successfully in order to sustain with the higher needs of customers and to go with the current of the dynamics of global business competition (Brewster. and Vernon, 2007). Actually, the internationalization of businesses resulted in the developin g application of expatriates to manage growing numbers of global operations. Therefore, a complete acknowledgement of organizational labor force and progress of organizational systems and procedures that will allow people to add value within a larger organizational unit is required. (Brewster. and Vernon, 2007) 1.1 Aim/Purpose of the Paper The purpose of this paper is to discuss the approaches and challenges of International Human Resource Management (IHRM) in the international environment (China) while operating in diverse cultures by identifying the current issues in IHRM to set the future directions. 1.2 Background of IHRM in China With the passage of time there is an increase in the complexity of workforce management in China. There are many factors associated with the growth of human resource management profession and one of the main factors of the attitude of the workforce and the people towards work, changes in the laws that deal with employment-related issues and various sociological trends (Kidd, 2006). The human resources in the Chinese organizations now recognize the importance of the relationship that exists between strategy, technology, people and the main processes that are able to make the organizations more successful. Although there are many organizations in china that have realized the importance but still the progress in the field of HR has been rather slow. (Kidd, 2006) In the older times it has been seen that most important principles of the human resources were used. Human resources have been used in the older times when the tribal leaders were to be selected. The selection process included the recording of the related knowledge and passing this knowledge on to the other tribal people as the knowledge was composed on the information about the safety, hunting, health, and gathering. Advancements in the human resources were seen between 1000 B.C to 2000 B.C. Chinese are the pioneers in using employee screening techniques that started in 1115 B.C. (Kidd, 2006) Since the field of HRM started in china many names have been given to the field. Some of the important names that have been given to the HRM field include personnel relations, industrial relations, employee relations and human resources. Human resources among all other names have been considered as the most suitable name (Richter, 2006). I strongly believe that human resources are the most apt name for it. This is the word that shows that for an organization, human capital is the most important. (Evans and Pucik, 2002) In 1979, Open Door Policy was adopted by China and this is the policy that has been seen as a potential growth forum for the industries in china. There has been a great opening of the markets that has brought in many opportunities for the Chinese but with this many issues and for the foreign enterprises. China has been known for its unique political, economic and cultural environment that makes it hard for the foreign organizations having businesses in China to manage their employees in China. Thereby there are many cross cultural implications for the international business in china as there are issues to be faced in designing and implementing the management training programs. With this the researchers have argued that there is a need of more studies and research on the development of management principles in China. Most of the research has been conducted on the human resources and the practices that have been followed and a very limited concentration has been focused on management d evelopment. (Budhwar, 2004) There has been an increase in the foreign investment in china in the last twenty years. Since the year 1978 there has been a 9% increase in the Chinese economic growth (Budhwar, 2004). In 1996, the economists have reported that the growth in GDP was 9.7%. In the first fiscal months of 1996, the foreign investments were on an average US$7.74 billion. In the year of 1995, china stood second among the countries that attracted foreign investments while the first position was held by USA, having a 42% share of investments made in Asian countries. (Budhwar, 2004) China is seen to be modernizing as there is a large scale reformation in the industrial enterprises so that the problems that are being faced by the industries are solved (Smith, 2005). The changes that have been incorporated in the industries include an increased entrepreneurial autonomy, an increase in the private and rural enterprises, increase in foreign direct investment, an increase in the volumes exported to the developed world, an increase in globalization that has caused an increase in the competition that has led to an increase in business with international market. (William, 2007) Major changes have been seen in china after the increase in joint ventures as these are the ventures that have asked for increased improvement and better performance. But there has been a resistance in changing the ongoing business scenario thus there has been avoidance in the manager level responsibility (Dowling, 2009). There has been an increase in the pressure created by international managers that makes Chinese managers adopt a defensive stance. Thereby there is a need to acknowledge the Chinese system of industrial governance as this is the system that can help in the explanation of the behaviors of the managers that has been shaped by a long gone dependency culture. Here an important example is that of china where a small defensive mode adopted to avoid a single responsibility is defined as collective irresponsibility. This is regarded as a form of a defensive mechanism that is up taken by the managers (Smith, 2005). If there are increased pressures from the international mana gers in case of joint ventures than there are further changes in the local management. In this case it has been realized that important roles are played by providing the managers benefits that include employment and job security and social benefits that are inclusive of health care and housing. (Richter, 2006) In addition to this it has been seen that there has been an existence of the pre-industrial behavior that reflect deference towards hierarchy. These are the kinds of behaviors and attitudes that support a general acceptance towards authoritarian state socialism. This is the situation that can be compared with the communists who have been successful in preserving their cultural values as these values have been seen to be reliable while giving up on the values that have been threatening and harmful. Thereby from here it can be seen that the system is overly dominated on the industrialization and it has caused a great change in the economies, and resources. (William, 2007) There has been a shortage of managerial competence in China and one of the main causes is the systematic industrialization in china. From here it can be deduced that in the changing world of competing markets and increased competition there is a need that the managers in china have more skills in the competitive environment (Dowling, 2009). On the other hand it has been seen that the countries that suffers from the shortage of skilled managers can lag behind in development of better management that is also because of the reason that there are barriers to train managers for better skills. 2.0 Key Human Resource (HR) Practices in China The dramatic reforms in the Chinese economy have immensely influenced the role of the manager in Chinese community. The managers function is altering from a focus mostly on people-problems towards the need for knowledge of the market, financial management and thinking tactically to support competition and cope with joint ventures (Dowling, 2009). As a result, such reforms have generated questions about Chinese managers aptitudes to cope with competition, insecurity, volatility and increased independence. The localization of the administration group in the overseas-invested businesses, due to the cost reasons, puts strong needs on the universal management progress of local managers and experts. (Brewster. and Vernon, 2007) Management in contemporary China is argued to be described as an exact science with an evident and definable understanding base, with a collection of quantitative and operational techniques with general applicability connected to specialized functional expertise (Hutchings, 2006). This is maintained by the proof of a knowledge-based program for trainee managers where an excellent deal of stress is placed on the conventional numbers-oriented (difficult) subjects and far less time is spent on individuals-oriented (easy) subjects. Behind this approach are three problems- professional context, custom and ideology all uniting to dictate this particularly Chinese understanding of the hypothesis and practice of management? Management growth within the conventional educational system is defined as: supporting the more didactic, educator-centered teaching techniques; a focus on hypothesis rather than on experience with little contact with the broader industrial society; and a lack of well ed ucated and well trained management trainers. (Hutchings, 2006) Chinas successful progress as a key economic supremacy can only be obtained with the help of highly qualified, professionally trained administration (Dowling, 2009). In China the management training process is not only associated with economic basis and progress, but also to political and ideological beliefs. Since management progress is supposed as a significant means of improving managerial ability and improving competitive benefit, international firms engaged in joint ventures need to be aware of the cross-cultural implications in the design and implementation of management training courses for Chinese managers and its incorporation into the strategic HR system. (Dowling, 2009) 2.1 Recruitment and Selection It is a critical stage when the firms in China proceed to hire employees to fill the vacancies it has recognized. At the employment stage the firm attracts people to apply for its jobs; at the hiring stage it selects the best individual for the job or jobs from among the people it has fascinated. Employment and selection, thus, refers to the group of methods used to hire and select employees to execute the jobs recognized within the firm. (Cooke, 2007) 2.1.1 Cultural Issues At the time of enrollment and selection procedure in China, firm culture is the most significant and the most complicated part of such organization analysis since various candidates have different insight to same organization culture and moreover, various people communicate with the setting in which they work in a different manner. On the other hand, a thorough organization analysis could be done to emphasize the selection standard. (Warner, 2003) 2.1.2 Cost Benefit Analysis Chinese firms also make cost and advantage analysis at the time of selection and enrollment. The procedure of selection can be expensive, and some recruitment methods could be even more costly, such that some firms could only employ them for a few major vacancies. When a firm chooses its recruitment methods, it would try to assess whether the struggles will be worthwhile. To determine on the most cost-effective techniques, both the costs and the advantages related with the recruitment techniques should be considered. (Cooke, 2007) 2.1.3 Personality Test Personality test has also been adopted in China in selection procedure. They observe aspects of personality that have been demonstrated through research to associate with performance at workplace. Most personality assessments are self-report, where candidates are asked to note how they see themselves on a number of characteristics or behavior. Some items may be unlimited questions asking about preferred actions, and some items may be a selection from a range of statements, asking individual to select which statement most resembles them or is most contrasting them. (Wright, 2004) 2.2 Training and Development Although personnel develop their expertise through every day work, as we have just noted, firms often give additional proper learning chances. These may be off-the-job training programs, or they may contain work based development courses. We can also contain post-graduate qualifications such as the one you are studying for now. Personnel development is an identification that employees may need to develop modern skills or get new information, both for their own growth and to fulfill the firms requirements. (William, 2007) 2.2.1 Cultural Issues When multinationals turn into or with other nations there may be a supposition that because everybody within the firm is working for the same objectives and to the same standards, they will automatically interact, think and view the world in the similar way. When various cultures start working together, issues or complexities occur that several people within these firms are not expert or adept enough to cope with efficiently. This can merely be because they have never had to cope with the problem before. (Wright, 2004) 2.2.2 Language Barriers Language is the most significant thing when Chinese firms offer training to their staff. In China language is often the least complicated hurdle to breach. When we recognize there may be language variations, we have a greater understanding of the potential for issues. On the other hand, much more often its a totally different way of seeing things and an incapability, or reluctance, to see what the other individual is seeing that causes the complexities. (William, 2007) 2.2.3 Misunderstanding the Norms The most major problem in China we can say that misinterpretation the norm because the other individual understands our language (or we understand theirs) that we speak the same language. Often we dont. Even when our Native language is the same, we dont speak it the same way. When we work with other cultures, its easy to be affected by general stereotypes, misunderstandings and biases about our new colleagues. Without understanding it, we carry those understandings and stereotypes into meetings, conferences, training or even social get-together that can make interaction hard and difficult work. (Smith, 2005) 2.3 Performance Management and Appraisal Once the best candidate has been selected and has begun work, firms often wished to observe their work and help them to grow. In the first example, monitoring and growth happens through the normal procedures of daily work, where employees develop themselves with the help of their supervisors (Wright, 2004). On the other hand, some firms have recently begun to take a systematic advancement to the management of individual conduct, seeing it in the perspective of the overall policy of the firm: this is what has come to be called performance management. Several firms have also established it wanted to institute a formal annual review of performance, executed jointly by the worker and his or her supervisor: this is what is called performance evaluation? (Wright, 2004) 2.3.1 Cultural Dimensions In the China more and more shrinking business world, the firm has arrived with a bang. With it have come cultural problems of race, ethnicity, unlike educational background, language problems, etc. The firms in China are striving for proper alignment of cultural variations between workers of towards increasing organizational effectiveness and output. Such firms are evolving performance assessment methods appropriate for measuring and assessing worker performance along cultural dimensions. (Selmer, 2001) 2.3.2 Power Issues in Appraisal In appraising the workers in China power is major threat to companies while appraising the workers. In high power gap cultures, authority is focused at the top of a vertical organizational structure (Jackson, 2005). There are comparatively more supervisory employees, and the resulting variations in power are an accepted disparity between higher-level and lower-level people. Managers depend on formalized roles in which authority is vested and employees expect to be explained what to do without discussion. Close management and authoritative leadership are estimated to lead to job fulfillment, higher performance, and raised output. (Jackson, 2005) 2.3.3 Uncertainty Avoidance Improbability avoidance is the level to which participants of a firm in China fear the unexpected at the time of appraisal. Cultures with a low level of Improbability avoidance do not feel pressure while appraising and endangered when faced with reform and vagueness. Low uncertainty avoidance cultures have a comparatively short average time of job with each organization and feel little loyalty to the company. Although self employment is rare, they choose to work for smaller firms. (Selmer, 2001) 2.4 Compensation Management Deciding how much and in what way employees should be paid is a key part of HR management. Pay assessments are based not only on workers performance, but contain data from more universal performance management and assessment processes, such as an analysis of the movement of payment rates in the external marketplace. (Jackson, 2005) 2.4.1 Cultural Dimensions In Chinese culture, worker name pay-for-performance as the most essential tool in getting the greatest financial consequences at their firms. But, adopting real, pay-for-performance is simpler said than done. In Chinese culture workforces who outperform their colleagues will be rewarded properly, feel valued and content and more likely to stay with your firm. (Selmer, 2001) 2.4.2 Evolution of Compensation Nowadays in China compensation techniques have come from a long way. With the altering organizational structures employees need and compensation techniques have also been altering. From the bureaucratic firms to the participative firms, workers have begun asking for their rights and proper compensations. The higher education standards and higher expertise needed for the employment have made the firms provide competitive compensations to their workers. (Siam, 2007) 2.4.3 Modern Compensation Systems Nowadays the compensation systems are intended aligned to the business objectives and policies. The workers are required to work and take their own decisions. Administration is being delegated. Workers feel secured and valued in the company. Firms offer financial and non-monetary advantages to attract and retain the best talents in the competitive atmosphere. Some of the advantages are special allowances like mobile, firms vehicle; House rent allowances; statutory leaves, etc. (Shen, 2007) 2.5 Labor Relations To make sure productive worker relations, human resources management practitioners must cope with the administration of the relation between the employer and the employees as a whole. In several states and employers a trade union or unions represent employees (Siam, 2007). On the other hand, we will discuss that employment relations are a concern of the human resources manager even if his or her firm is not unionized: she or he must still determine, among other things, how the firm is going to interact with its employees, and the extent to which workers should involve in the management of the firm. 2.5.1 Cultural Dimensions Cultural issues do not describe or affect the way labor relations are executed in Chinas workplace, as several consider they do. The effect of the international market has considerably changed the way labor relations are really followed in China, which is called an international market paradigm. However, Collectivism and Confucianism carry on to affect labor relations in China and the ideological and cultural leftovers still to be found could influence Chinas relations with other countries for years to come. (Siam, 2007) 2.5.2 Employment Policies and Manuals Every firm in China keeps employment strategies and worker manual for workers of any stage. These strategies manuals helps the workers and firms in keeping good relationship by resolving disagreement through the proper processes previously discussed before job. (Siam, 2007) 2.5.3 Unemployment Benefits Many Chinese firms keep proper scheduling about personnel performance to curtail unemployment taxes and evaluation and in defending claims for advantages in managerial proceedings and court petitions. (Shen, 2007) 3.0 IHRM Environmental Factors in China Much of the development in the human resources function over the last thirty years may be typified to its vital role in keeping the firm out of dilemma with the law in China. Most companies are intensely concerned with possible liability resulting from staff decisions that may breach laws endorsed by the state legislatures, and/or local administrations. These laws are persistently understood in thousands of cases brought before regime agencies, federal courts, state courts, and the Supreme Court. (Smith, 2005) 3.1 Government Actions In China the HR management of company relies to a large extent on its capability to deal successfully with administration actions. Operating within the legal structure devise by Government needs keeping track of the external official environment and developing internal procedures (for instance, management training and grievance processes) to make sure compliance and reduce complaints. Several firms are now developing formal strategies on sexual harassment and setting up internal administrative channels to cope with alleged events before workers feel the need to file a case. (Shen, 2007) 3.2 Regional Economic and Political Activity Regional monetary and political activity often has a varied effect on public- and private sector companies. Still, politicians and economy in China typically exert much more control over organizational confronts than over environmental confronts in recruiting staff, determining pay, providing promotions, etc (Shen, 2007). Nevertheless successful managers spot organizational problems and cope with them before they become major issues. Only supervisors who are well educated about significant HR problems and organizational confronts can do this. These challenges encompass the requirement for a competitive position and flexibility, the issues of downscaling and organizational reform, the use of self-managed work groups, the growth of small businesses, the need to develop a strong organizational culture, the part of technology, and the development of outsourcing. (Shen, 2007) 3.3 Cultural Diversity The future achievement of any firms depends on the tendency to manage a diverse body of aptitude that can bring new ideas, views and prospective to their work. The challenge and issues encountered of workplace diversity can be turned into a tactical organizational asset if a firm is capable to capitalize on this melting pot of different talents (Selmer, 2001). With the merge of talents in China of different cultural backgrounds, genders, ages and way of life, a firm respond to business possibilities more quickly and creatively, particularly in the international arena, which must be one of the significant organizational objectives to be achieved. More significantly, if the organizational atmosphere does not support diversity generally, one risks losing talent to rivals. (Selmer, 2001) 4.0 IHRM and China Recently the firms in China are encountering the cultural diversity. The challenge of workplace diversity is also common amongst Singapores Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). With a population of only 4 million individuals and the nations struggle towards high technology and knowledge-based economy; overseas talents are attracted to share their skills in these fields (Cooper and De Cieri, 2007). Therefore, many local human resources managers have to experience cultural-based HR Management training to enhance their capabilities to inspire a group of expert that are highly educated but culturally diverse. Moreover, the human resources professional must assure the local experts that these overseas talents are not a danger to their career development. In several ways, the efficacy of workplace diversity management is reliant on the skilful balancing act of the human resources manager. (Cooper and De Cieri, 2007) One of the major causes for unproductive workplace diversity management is the tendency to pigeonhole workers, placing them in a various silo based on their diversity profile (Hutchings, 2006). In the actual world, diversity cannot be simply classified and those firms that react to human difficulty by leveraging the talents of a wider workforce will be the most useful in flourishing their businesses and their client base. 5.0 IHRM and China As the real diversity is the major problem in China, so in order to successfully manage workplace diversity, Human Resources Manager needs to reform from an ethnocentric view our way is the best way to an ethnically relative view lets take the best of a variety of ways (Warner, 2003). This change in philosophy has to be inbuilt in the managerial structure of the Human Resources Manager in his/her planning, organizing, directing and managing of organizational resources. (Warner, 2003) Most firms in China have determined to begin mentoring program in the future. Because this is the best method to manage workplace diversity problems through initiating a diversity mentoring program. This could entail engaging different departmental supervisors in a mentoring program to coach and provide feedback to workers who are different from them. In order for the program to run effectively, it is wise to give practical training for these supervisors or seek help from advisors and professionals in this field. (Warner, 2003) 6.0 Conclusion The conventional functions of Human Resources Management now need to be tactically directed towards flourishing and sustaining organizational abilities, through activities that overlap with conventional business operations such as finance, marketing, and non-conventional operations, such as knowledge management. HR Information System has great importance in every field. It can execute an essential role and help the interactions procedure in the organization. Most significantly, firms can appoint and retain the leading performers, enhance output and improve job satisfaction of the workers. Human Resources Manager has the liability to amplify competence and profit, but in the current scenario, the role of Human Resources manager is altering quickly due to changes in regime policies, unions, labor legislations and technological advancement. The trends have occurred in the firm, HR planning, job design, enthusiasm, and employment and skill development and worker relations. The challenges can be encountered by Human Resources Manager effectively, if appropriate strategies are adopted. Therefore, the role of Human Resources Manager will be more vital in future due to the emerging scenario.

Designing Agile Organisations Essay -- Enterprise integration modellin

Abstract: We investigate the management system of the enterprise as an agent maintaining a system of objectives. We then analyse the organisation as a set of individual autonomous co-operating agents so that agenthood of the entire enterprise becomes an emergent property of the organisation. Important questions include: under what condition can agenthood emerge? how to create such an organisation?, and how to guarantee that change preserves agenthood?. Introduction It is increasingly important to devise faster and more reliable ways of designing purposeful, agile organisations (Bernus et al, 1997). We use the definition of the organisation as the human component of the enterprise, forming the human-organisational architecture (Williams, 1994). An enterprise can be thought of as consisting of an operational and a decisional system (Doumeingts et al, 1998), each implemented partly by humans and partly by machines (Bernus and Nemes, 1994). We borrow the definition of the 'planning agent' from artificial intelligence to describe the desired quality of the organisation. We demonstrate necessary conditions for the enterprise to behave as an agent, and also show the relationship of this view to concepts such as the fractal factory, holonic manufacturing, and others. The organisation as an agent Two crucial questions in organisational design are: 1) how to design the task structure of the enterprise to form a co-ordinated whole? and 2) what tasks allocation to humans (or groups) ensures that the enterprise will act to satisfy its objectives? The second question is typically not asked in business process engineering: it is assumed that the organisation will to what it is told to. An organisation should conduct a system of activities managed and controlled to satisfy a set of organisational objectives. This requires purposeful behaviour so that the organisation can be characterised as a planning agent. A planning agent determines a course of action to achieve its set of objectives. This course of action, or plan, is constrained by the agent's resources as well as the agent's own functional capabilities. The organisation follows, or appears to be following this plan while monitoring the effectiveness of the actions to actually satisfy the objectives for which the plan was made. If the plan fails in some way, then the plan or the objectives are m... ...319-332 Koestler,A.. (1989) The ghost in the machine. Arkana Books Tharumarajah, A., Wells,J., Nemes,L., (1996) Comparison of the bionic, fractal and holonic manufacturing systems concepts. Int. J. on Computer Integrated Manuf. (3) pp.217-226 Uppington,G., Bernus,P., Assessing the Necessity of Enterprise Change: Pre-feasibility and Feasibility Studies in Enterprise Integration. Int. J. of CIM, 1998 11(5) pp 430-447 Valckenaers,P., VanBrussel,H., Bongaerts,L., Wyns,J. (1997) IMS test case 5: holonic manufacturing systems. Journal of Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering, 4(3), pp191-201. VanHouten,D.R. (1990) The political economy and technical control of work humanization in Sweden during the 1970s and 1980s. Work and Occupations, 14, pp483-513. Warnecke, H.J. (1993) The Fractal Company. Berlin: Springer. Williams,T.J., (1994) The Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture. Computers in Industry, 24 (2-3) pp141-158 Williams,T.J., Bernus,P., Brosvic,J., Chen,D., Doumeingts,G., Nemes,L., Nevins,J.L., Vallespir,B., Vlietstra,J., Zoetekouw,D., (1994) Architectures for integrating manufacturing activities and enterprises. Computers in Industry, 24(2-3) pp111-140

Minimum- Wage Jobs Are A Ticket To Nowhere

I disagree with the statement, and I think that minimum-wage jobs are a good start for first-time employees and a way to keep the prices down for products and services of immediate necessity and some employers might be taking advantage of people who need job but I do not believe this entirely their responsibility. I believe that everyone has to start a minimum –wage job in their teenage years. When we are young we learn habits and behaviors.Minimum-wage jobs teach the habit of first responsibilities – going to work on time, following directions, team work, respect for more experienced coworkers and managers, those jobs teach the dynamics of the work place. Low-wage jobs take the student out of school and place him/her in their new environment where they will spend the rest of their lives. And yes, the jobs are of repetitive nature and sometimes boring but there are more important lessons learned there. My first job was as a sales person of eye glasses at a Christmas fai r.I was hired for one month with no day off to sell glasses during the month of December for a small retailer. I was responsible for the eye glasses to be displayed and clean, and sell them. It was not easy because I had to wake up early, open the shop; and my day finished at 8-9 pm when the store closed. It was a very busy time of the year. It was a very hard one month but there was nothing more satisfying then the first pay check, then I knew I did a good job. There is no embarrassing job if you learn to do it with pride and respect.On the other hand minimum-wage jobs are needed for the economy to keep the prices of products and services of immediate necessity. Let’s just imagine how much more would have to pay for a loaf of bread or a gallon of milk if the cashier was getting higher salary, or how much more the burger menu would cost in the fast food joint next door. At the end of the day there are jobs that require less experience and no college degree, thus less pay. It works the same way as if we go in a department store and we stop by the jewelry department, we’ll see different rings with different prices because they have different values.Regarding the statement that employers are taking advantage of employees, I do not think we have to put the blame on the employers entirely; this is why the government of each state needs to revise the minimum-wage salaries on a regular basis so that they keep up with the changing dynamics of the economy. In today’s fast changing world the job market is somewhat regulated. No employer will pay high salary for basic skills job and vise versa no job requiring exceptional skills and knowledge will be rewarded with minimum wage. In conclusion, low-paid jobs are learning point in our lives and necessity for the economy; we just need to accept it.

Five paragraph essay Essay

Essays begin with the prompt. Make sure students understand what the prompts are asking them to do. Students may be asked to analyze, assess, evaluate, compare, contrast, describe, discuss, and explain. Know the difference between these words. Additionally, prompts can be multi-tasking in that they ask the writer to perform several actions. Make sure students answer all parts of the prompt, or they may fail. All essays should have five paragraphs. The first should be a thesis paragraph. It need consist of only one sentence – a thesis statement. If students have any other sentence, an attention grabber similar to the headlines of a newspaper called a hook should precede their thesis. Students should not waste time and effort on long theses’ paragraphs. Students should come to the point – their thesis – immediately, and go on to prove their argument. All theses should include their argument with three methods or points they will use to prove their argument. For example, if the prompt asks about the Mongols, a superior thesis would be â€Å"The Mongols were efficient governors because of their political, economic, and social policies.† The first portion of the thesis, â€Å"The Mongols were efficient governors,† is a simple, acceptable thesis. At the bare minimum, all essays should include this type of thesis. The second part, â€Å"because of their political, economic, and social policies† turns a simple thesis into a clear, analytical, and comprehensive thesis. Better essays follow this second format. Read more:  How much sentences in a paragraph. The conclusion paragraph need only consist of one sentence. While a conclusion resembles a thesis, students should not copy or paraphrase the thesis. They should write a sentence that sums up what they have learned or proven in their essay. The other paragraphs form the body of the essay and are critical. Within three of the paragraphs, students prove their argument. Set up body paragraphs in an order parallel to the structure within the thesis sentence. Students should organize points from the strongest point to weakest point. Strength is based on the amount of evidence presented and the thoroughness of the argument. The weakest point should be last. Based on the above thesis, this means â€Å"political policies† should be the topic of the first body paragraph, while the second point will be â€Å"economic policies† and the last paragraph will cover â€Å"social policies.† The first sentence in the body paragraphs should expand upon the sub-point from the thesis. An example about the Mongols could be â€Å"Politically, the Mongols were tolerant governors, who insisted upon honesty, efficiency, and equality in their policies.† Within each paragraph, there should be two or three facts or pieces of historical support material. While grammar is important, the essay is a rough draft. It does not have to be perfect. Graders know that 50 minutes does not allow students much time to perfect grammar, syntax, and diction. While it is imperative that the essay be readable and intelligible, national graders will not deduct for grammatical mistakes. The Document-Based Question (DBQ) Document based essays are designed to test a student’s ability to use documents to support a historical argument. It corresponds roughly to writing a research paper and duplicates the work of historians, where the student is given the evidence and asked to write a paper – in one hour. And a DBQ essay may include compare and contrast, and/or change over time. The Document-Based Question consists of a prompt with between five and nine primary source documents. The question is not designed to test a student’s knowledge about world history, so much as the student’s ability to use documentary evidence to make and to support a written argument. Critical to this process are the concepts of bias (reliability) and use of all documents to support a thesis. The graders will grade by the following criteria. An acceptable thesis requires a simple thesis stating the point of argument, or what you will prove. An expanded thesis, which earns an additional point, requires a comprehensive thesis statement with point of argument and three ways you will prove it. Students need to use all or all but one of the documents in the essay. Use is defined as citing, quoting, paraphrasing, listing, summarizing, mentioning, analyzing, interpreting, or critiquing the documents in any way. Students must support the thesis with appropriate evidence from the documents. Students must analyze, interpret, and critique the documents. Quoting, listing, summarizing, citing, or mentioning a document does not qualify for this criterion! Students should support their thesis through the use of outside material not mentioned in their documents. If students know of facts and information relevant to the topic, which were not mentioned in the documents, they should include them. Students must understand the basic meaning of the documents cited in the essay. Students may misinterpret one document but two or more will cost one criterion point. Mistakes involving dates and names are not critical but misrepresenting a document can be fatal. Placing a document in a wrong group that leads to a wrong conclusion also counts as a misunderstanding. Analyze point of view or bias in three documents. The rubric says students need to analyze only two documents but this is too few. Students should do three or more. In order to earn this point, students should attribute and analyze point of view, bias, purpose or intent, tone, or audience in an attempt to determine reliability. Analysis of point of view also constitutes supporting the thesis with appropriate evidence from the documents and using the documents, too! One method of analysis (and use) is based on the acronym, S.O.A.P.P.S. Students must analyze documents by grouping them depending on the DBQ prompt. If the DBQ identifies groups in the prompt, students must use the mentioned groups. Students must have three groups. If the prompt only specifies two, students should create a third category. Once again, students must organize the evidence and arguments into three groups. These groups could be mentioned in the thesis statement. The better writers will create their own groups or categories based on the documents. Nevertheless, students might use the acronym P.E.R.S.I.A.N. or S.C.R.I.P.T.E.D. to help structure their thoughts. Evidence should fit into three of these categories. Other methods of grouping include organizing by gender, time, social class, occupation, geography, nationality, similar points of view, or religion. When grouping a document, each group must contain at least two documents. If possible, use three because it prevents a failed group if you misinterpret one document. Students will be asked to identify one additional type of document they could have used to support the essay prompt. One useful way to accomplish this is to identify a point of view or group missing from the discussion. For example, an essay on gender rights that does not include a woman’s point of view is weak. You should mention this failing. At the same time, if all of the documents in the same essay are by women, a man’s point of view might help balance the essay. Students should decide what is missing and mention what specific type of document or point of view might improve the essay. And they should ideally state how it would help the essay. They should place this sentence in whichever body paragraph will be most effective. This could also include bringing in outside information relevant to the topic. Other typically missing documents include charts, maps, or statistical information, social classes, and opposite points of view. Students will have 50 minutes to write their essays. They should use 10 minutes to read the documents and to structure or outline their essay. They should spend 30 minutes writing and 10 minutes reviewing what they have written. Student should make sure they have used all the documents, have three groups, and performed all activities they are required to do. They should especially check their prompt to see that they have addressed all parts required.

Medias Influence on North American Women

Medias Influence on North American Women Free Online Research Papers The media appears to be young women’s greatest challenge in North America today. The media displays the â€Å"ideal† woman, and how can any real woman possibly commit to meeting such standards? It is not physical conflict with oneself, but a mental and emotional battle as well. The average American will see 3,000 ads a day and up to three years of commercials, but generally does not feel uninfluenced. With commercials that promote not only products, but images, values, and normalcy, advertising tells who we are and who we should be (Kirk and Okazawa-Rey 123). It is ludicrous for young women in North America to feel inadequate based on images from popular magazines or television commercials. Though the struggle is difficult, it is one of great importance that offers strategies to confront and overcome these challenges. The most significant struggle young women in North America face today is how they are viewed by their society. The media sets impractical ambitions that few women can aspire to; however, beauty ideals are not the only challenge young women face. Sexual orientation and inferiority to men are all limiting factors in young women’s lives. Young women use cultural expectations from advertisements as a model for their lifestyles and this can result in damaging, and sometimes fatal consequences. In a society where many young Americans have unlimited access to the media, how, in their time of development, can young women be expected to ignore magazines that target girls and young women and convince them that in order to be successful in life, they must fit the particular mold society has formed for them? Women of color or disability, women who are heavier or tanner, women who have blemishes and scars are all viewed in our society as less than attractive people. Why? Because the media defines the accepted and always changing representation of beautiful and perfect, women feel as though they must sacrifice their identity to gain acceptance and approval in their culture. Because we are living in a culture that still breeds sexism, racism, and homophobia, the media can easily discourage a great number of young women. Ashmore, Englis, and Solomon tell us that 30% of teens commit suicide on the sole basis of fear of not being accepted by society. If the media is contributing to the loss of young women in North America, then how can we expect society to maintain its broad range of diversity among young individuals? Most young women look to society through media, whether it is for a reaction, to gain approval, or at times, simply because it is so hammered into our minds that acceptance from our society is necessary. Starting at a very young age, television program commercials display ads for Barbie Dolls, and girls in North America immediately bombarded with images showing what women should look like. Recent research has shown that the exposure to the ideal female as presented in advertising directly contributes to body image disturbance among young women (Posavac, Posavac, and Weigel 324). The media, with its emphasis on beauty and thinness as an ideal standard of female attractiveness, has been singled out as the most potent messenger of societal pressures, according to Ashmore, Basil, and Solomon. Young women engage in social comparison unknowingly when viewing models in magazines or watching them on television. After comparing themselves to these media images of ideal female attractiveness, an apparent difference between their actual beauty and the media’s standard of attractiveness is likely to result, leaving our young women feeling inadequate. According to Kirk and Okazawa-Rey, by college age, one in eight women in the United States is bulimic imaging herself to be fatter than she actually is (122). Magazine articles and feature photos that are airbrushed or enhances to show flawless models and actresses set a standard for women to learn to inspect their bodies critically as to fit the mold of what beauty has come to mean in North America. With the growing awareness of sexual orientation, another conflict is introduced to young women in North America. Young women who watch the news on television or read the newspaper learn about hate crimes that still exist in our culture. A fear is placed in these young women who are confused or undecided about their sexual orientation, placing a heavy burden on them. According to Kirk and Okazawa-Rey, thirteen years old is the â€Å"median age when gay and lesbian youth become aware of their feelings of difference† (173). At such a young age, girls are introduced to an uncommonly accepted dilemma, one which is confusing and life-altering. Because of growing debate on homosexuality shown in the media, many young women are unsure of how they will cope as a lesbian or bi-sexual in a world with such opposition to homosexuality. Young American have access to movies such as Lee’s film, Brokeback Mountain which first aired in 2005 or Pierce’s film, Boys Don’t Cry which first aired in 1999. Both are love stories that capture the fear of homosexuals yearning for a relationship that is socially unacceptable and the hate crimes that lead to their ultimate deaths. Though horrific, these films show courageous young men and women whose lives have been stolen from them, solely because of their sexual orientation. These films, though graphic and horrifying, show an inevitable truth that, unless addressed and fought, will continue through generations to come. Young women’s feeling of inferiority when compared to males in North America is an intimidating struggle. Kirk and Okazawa-Rey found that â€Å"gender creates the social difference that defines â€Å"women† and â€Å"man†. In social interactions throughout their lives, individuals learn what is expected, see what’s expected, act and react in expected ways† (25). These expectations are socially influenced and lead young women constantly berating themselves because a male influence, whether it is their partner, their father, or other male controllers in society, offers no equal opportunity and allows no chance or fairness. The media displays men as enforcers. Men are viewed as strong and able, never petite or weak, like the trophy wife displayed next to them. Women are sometimes viewed as unequal in a relationship, forcing them to obey their partner’s requests of them. Young women especially are reduced to sex objects as viewed as in pornograph y. â€Å"There are two jobs women receive a higher pay than men: prostitution and modeling† Kirk and Okazawa-Rey 104). If the media is so apt to put down young women’s ambition and society is so quick to refuse to respect them, how are they supposed to succeed in their societies? No solution will fit to aid the wants and needs of all members in a society. The media is our source of education. It updates and informs Americans. How would we know America’s political standing in Iraq or be informed of an upcoming film in theaters? The media is not just a source of information, it is our main source. The media is a source of entertainment, too. Articles we read in these magazines may be located on the corresponding page of a supermodel, but are humorous and enjoyable. Young Americans watch television shows for entertainment. If a disabled woman is placed on the cover of a magazine, would young women buy the magazines, hoping to aspire to be similar to her? Diversity is hard to come across in advertisement. Are young Americans apt to choose to purchase a magazine with a heavy woman or thin woman on its cover? If a billboard is promoting a health product, the man or woman in the ad must look healthy to convince consumers that the product is worth their money . Market researchers are watching their audience, and beauty magazines such as Cosmopolitan or Vogue attract young readers rather than older men and women who are less apt to buy high fashion magazines. The media is everywhere. It is not a simple task to change it based solely on the insecurities of young women in North America, but perhaps to encourage self-esteem in out young women, we could add successful old and young women who do not fit society’s beauty ideals. The answer to this dilemma is simple: break the cycle. Intrigue young readers with reality. Marilyn Monroe, an icon in North America, wore a size twelve dress. Ellen DeGeneres, a humorous and successful talk-show host, is a lesbian. After finally admitting her sexuality, her first on-air series failed, forcing her to work her way to the top again. Oprah Winfrey, a brilliant talk-show host who does no typically fit the stick model version of inspiring women, is a successful, unmarried, woman of color. With the broad range of entertainment today we see J.K. Rowling, author of Harry Potter series, who fought for the right to read for pleasure and is one of the most successful women in North America. Ali Hewson, though married to international superstar, Bono, is an activist for human rights and global sustainability. Why do we not look to these women as role models? Though young women are, in fact, being influenced by society’s interpretation of beauty, everyday beautiful, inspi ring women are introduced to the media, reassuring these young women that individuality can lead to success. Women such as these motivate younger women in North America to dare to be different and to embrace themselves. The struggles faced by these women are that of dire importance and with more of an assortment of women, who possess the power to change minds in this country, we will see a result of young women accepting themselves, too. Research Papers on Media’s Influence on North American WomenThe Fifth HorsemanAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion

Free Essays on Ace Of Aces

Ace of Aces: Eddie Rickenbacker Anyone in search of a definition for a â€Å"warrior† can do it with one word, Rickenbacker. Captain Eddie Rickenbacker became the American ace of aces during World War I by having more victories than any American pilot of that war or any other. By the end of the war in 1918, Rickenbacker had destroyed twenty-two airplanes and four balloons, bringing his total to twenty-six. The next highest American pilot had a total of eighteen, with fourteen of the kills being balloons. Rickenbacker by nature demonstrated rare leadership, courage, and skill as a pilot, all of which proved to be valuable attributes, both as a solider and later as the commander of the 94th Aero Squadron. Eddie Rickenbacker, was born in Columbus, Ohio, on October 8, 1890, the son of Swiss immigrants William and Elizabeth Reichenbacher.[1] At a very young age, some claiming twelve while others said he was fourteen, Rickenbacker’s father was murdered and Eddie dropped out of school and worked at various jobs to help support the family. â€Å"While still in his teens he took a position with the Frayer-Miller Air-Cooled Car Company, a move which proved to be a turning point in his life† (Hudson 72). In his spare time he would take correspondence courses in mechanical engineering and draftsmanship. In 1910, Rickenbacker became a professional racecar driver and by 1917 he was one of the top drivers in the world earning upwards of $40,000 a year. The tools he learned as a racecardriver and his natural talent to control his car at high speeds will come in handy when he becomes a fighter pilot. When the United States entered the war in 1917, Rickenbacker was in England organizing a racing team for the Sunbeam Motor Company. When he came back to the States, he went to Washington and proposed creating an air squadron made up solely of racecar drivers. â€Å"He reasoned that their quick reflexes, their know... Free Essays on Ace Of Aces Free Essays on Ace Of Aces Ace of Aces: Eddie Rickenbacker Anyone in search of a definition for a â€Å"warrior† can do it with one word, Rickenbacker. Captain Eddie Rickenbacker became the American ace of aces during World War I by having more victories than any American pilot of that war or any other. By the end of the war in 1918, Rickenbacker had destroyed twenty-two airplanes and four balloons, bringing his total to twenty-six. The next highest American pilot had a total of eighteen, with fourteen of the kills being balloons. Rickenbacker by nature demonstrated rare leadership, courage, and skill as a pilot, all of which proved to be valuable attributes, both as a solider and later as the commander of the 94th Aero Squadron. Eddie Rickenbacker, was born in Columbus, Ohio, on October 8, 1890, the son of Swiss immigrants William and Elizabeth Reichenbacher.[1] At a very young age, some claiming twelve while others said he was fourteen, Rickenbacker’s father was murdered and Eddie dropped out of school and worked at various jobs to help support the family. â€Å"While still in his teens he took a position with the Frayer-Miller Air-Cooled Car Company, a move which proved to be a turning point in his life† (Hudson 72). In his spare time he would take correspondence courses in mechanical engineering and draftsmanship. In 1910, Rickenbacker became a professional racecar driver and by 1917 he was one of the top drivers in the world earning upwards of $40,000 a year. The tools he learned as a racecardriver and his natural talent to control his car at high speeds will come in handy when he becomes a fighter pilot. When the United States entered the war in 1917, Rickenbacker was in England organizing a racing team for the Sunbeam Motor Company. When he came back to the States, he went to Washington and proposed creating an air squadron made up solely of racecar drivers. â€Å"He reasoned that their quick reflexes, their know...

How to Style Numbers

How to Style Numbers How to Style Numbers How to Style Numbers By Mark Nichol When you write a number that will appear in print or online, do you use figures, or spell it out? If you want to follow an authoritative source to produce professional-looking content, the answer is both more complicated and simpler than you think (we already covered part of this topic with the article 10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals). The bible of the mainstream book-publishing industry, The Chicago Manual of Style, devotes 18 pages to the topic, while The AP Stylebook, the authority of record for newspapers, is appropriately more concise. (Various magazines generally use one style or the other, but Web sites tend toward AP style.) Other style manuals abound, but unless you’re writing for scholarly journals, you can count, so to speak, on Chicago or AP. The more formal the writing, the more likely you’ll follow Chicago style, which originally evolved from guidelines developed for the University of Chicago Press but has since been adopted by most book publishers as the authority for grammar, usage, punctuation, and, yes, numbers. The basic Chicago rule is to spell out numbers from one to one hundred but use numerals for 101 and up. But if you refer to two amounts in the same category, default to numerals. (â€Å"I found 137 mistakes, compared with only 89 last time.†) Major exceptions to the basic rule include a number as the first word in a sentence, larger round numbers (â€Å"five hundred†) and orders of magnitude (â€Å"millions,† â€Å"billions,† etc.). The point is to maintain consistency as much as possible. Technical, statistically dense text, meanwhile, is better served by numerals, so in that case use digits for physical dimensions, degrees (both of temperature and angle), scores and percentages, money, time, and other references to quantity. Newspaper style and less formal writing (and much of online content) hews closer to AP style, which derived from the rules for Associated Press newspaper articles: Spell out numbers only to ten, use numbers for 11 and up, and don’t be concerned about matching style when you refer to quantities on both sides of the tipping point. (â€Å"In a classroom poll conducted recently, only seven of 29 students agreed with that statement.†) And what about those pesky hyphens? Don’t hyphenate a physical dimension to the unit name unless those two terms modify a noun (â€Å"10 feet,† but â€Å"10-foot pole†). Hyphenate double-digit numbers by themselves and within larger numbers if they aren’t multiples of ten (â€Å"sixty-four,† â€Å"one hundred twenty-eight†), but don’t hyphenate all the elements of a large number like a chain. Simple and mixed fractions should be styled, depending on your preferred policy, either like â€Å"1/2† and â€Å"1 3/4,† or like â€Å"one-half† or â€Å"one and three-fourths.† Don’t bother setting case fractions (in which the numbers are reduced in size and placed on either side of a diagonal line); if you’re writing for a publication, the fraction will be formatted during the production stage according to its style. To establish a style for your Web site or blog, keep in mind that gurus of online content advise using numerals, which are easier to scan (and most site visitors scan before they read, if they read at all), but note that the AP rule about using numerals for numbers you can count on your fingers still applies: â€Å"1 day, I’ll see with my own 2 eyes that you can beat 3 people in a row in 4-square† is going a bit far. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names5 Lessons for Mixing Past and Present TenseWords That Begin with Q

Corporate Governance frameworks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate Governance frameworks - Essay Example Summary and conclusions Page 10 7. References 1. Introduction Corporate governance is vitally important to the economic well being of a modern capitalist economy. In complex organisations with variety of interested parties and many potential conflicts of interest, corporate governance can inform these parties about the organisation’s activities and also protects stakeholder’s rights through monitoring and control. This report aims to critically compare the UK and US systems of corporate governance, where this term is more narrowly defined as relating to the accountability of decision makers, and excludes from consideration the role of corporate governance in increasing organisational efficiency. The report is structured in to six sections. The first section, this introduction, explains the purpose of the report and gives a broad outline of the way the argument will be constructed, as well as what bases of evidence it will draw from. The second section gives an overview of the generic role of corporate governance, its history and development, as well as explaining why it is necessary. The third section will describe the different approaches to corporate governance in the United Kingdom and the United States respectively. ... The UK and US responses to such scandals will be contrasted and the relative advantages and disadvantages of their systems of corporate governance will be discussed.the The sixth and final section will summarise the arguments made and outline the major conclusions resulting from the analysis. 2. The aims of corporate governance Although, various definitions of corporate governance exist, this report will take the following as its working definition (Sir Adrian Cadbury (2000) in 'Global Corporate Governance Forum', World Bank), because it effectively highlights the key issues that the following analysis will address: "Corporate Governance is concerned with holding the balance between economic and social goals and between individual and communal goals. The corporate governance framework is there to encourage the efficient use of resources and equally to require accountability for the stewardship of those resources." This neatly summarises the reason for the institution of corporate gov ernance. Modern businesses have a variety of stakeholders whose interests may conflict; however, it is the case thatthe control of the organisation is skewed heavily towards a single subset of this group, the managers. Therefore, a system of checks and balances is required to safeguard the rights of all stakeholders. Corporate governance can be viewed either through the ‘lens’ of Principal-Agent Theory, or Stakeholder Theory. Principal-Agent Theory is in the tradition of economic studies of asymmetric information (Mirrlees, 1975) and theories of the firm (Gibbons, 2005) and provides a focused analysis by distilling the problem down to the basic separation of ownership and control – that shareholders own the

Proposed Website Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposed Website - Assignment Example The body of the essay will explore various aspects of the proposed website. The proposed website Jenkins (2012, p. 9) in his studies described a website as, â€Å"a set of related web pages that contain contexts such as audio, video, image, and text, among others.† McNeil (2010) further noted that a website is usually hosted on a web server that can be accessed through the Internet or through a local area network that has an internet address, which is known as Uniform Resource Locator. Since Dual-Tech Inc is in the business of selling and distributing electrical appliances, the proposed website will be a commercial website that will serve various purposes and therefore, it will fit into various classifications of websites. For example, the proposed website will be a corporate website that offers information about Dual-Tech Inc and secondly, the proposed website will be an electronic commerce website that enables vendors to purchase electrical appliances via the online channel. On the basis that the proposed website will be an e-commerce website, it is of essence to note that it will be product based. This means that the proposed website will involve the actual selling of electrical appliances through the website whereby vendors will be required to wire funds or payments through electronic transfer and afterwards the company will dispatch the electrical appliances to their preferred location. Secondly, on the basis that the website will be an electronic commerce website it is beneficial to note that the proposed website will act as shop window for Dual-Tech Inc. Basic features of the proposed website First of all the website will be accessed through the local area network within Dual-Tech Inc premises and secondly it will be accessed through the internet connection, which will enable employees to login into the website from any location outside the business premises. This will be enabled by hosting the website in a server that offers both connectivity and is reliable. Secondly, by giving the website a unique domain name it will enable users to access the website easily as it will come as the first item during any search. On the issue of connectivity, the proposed website will be designed in a manner to ensure that users can access the website through smart phones and tablets, and this will be guaranteed by hosting the website in a web server that offers great connectivity from any location using various mediums such as personal or work computers, smart phones, and tablets. Since three different users will be using the website, it will have three different levels of access. The public will not have any special access rather they will only be allowed to view pages within the website that gives a preview of the company, stocks available, location of the business premises, key officials of the company, mission statement, and the objectives of the company. Vendors and employees of Dual-Tech Inc will have different access panels. Vendorsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ access panel will lead them to a web page that contains the list of stocked items and available online payment options that are secure. As for the employees’ access panel, it will lead them to

Men and Their Role in the Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Men and Their Role in the Society - Essay Example Nobody can take that right away. It is the mother who gives protection for the initial nine months to the divine creative force of the future-male or female! A female child is victimized at every step of life, from the moment of birth, notwithstanding the fact that it is she who sacrifices at those steps. Women need to be the spiritual and legal equals of men. In my essay, I am going to argue that women not equal, but more equal than men and the scale of social justice should weigh in favor of the female gender. What stand women need to take if she is placed in circumstances totally unfavorable to her in life-situations? Ask Janie Crawford in the novel, â€Å"Their eyes were Watching God.† She lived her life in its trials, tribulations, duty, and beauty! She carried on with the firm conviction - it is better to deserve without receiving than to receive without deserving! Her character is introduced thus: â€Å"But for most black women readers discovering â€Å"Their eyes were Watching God,† for the first time, what was compelling was the figure of Janie Crawford - powerful, articulate, self-reliant, and radically different from any women character they had ever before encountered in literature.†(Foreword. xi) To Janie, empowerment of black women is not a concession; it is her birthright. Notwithstanding her remarkable achievements in literature, by 1950s, she was almost living in incognito, working as a maid in a Florida Hotel. That must have made her remain in constant touch with the ground realities of the people in general, and gave her time to think about the common man. She has her own style of depicting black-white relationships. This particular novel â€Å"affirms black cultural traditions while revising them to empower black women.† (p.xii)The greatest tribute to her and her themes in the novel comes from Alice Walker.

Exhibition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exhibition - Essay Example The famous Bottari, who catapulted her works to the international scene and limelight, uses fabric as the main material for her work. The organization of the exhibition includes the exhibition of the retrospective works and highlights of works of Kimsooja. All the works of Kimsooja revolve around, photography installation, performance, video and object based sculpture. In all these modes of presenting her art, Kimsooja targets to address several issues that affect and pose as a challenge to the society. Her works normally question gender issues, issues affecting culture, issues concerning poverty and issues targeting global migration. The organization of the Vancouver Arts Gallery aims at giving people the chance to digest the art being displayed by Kimsooja on their own. It also opens the viewer’s minds to observe everyday activities from a three-dimension perspective. The everyday activities such as doing laundry and sewing are what she uses to create performance pieces. Her art also seeks to expose the viewers to a much deeper reflection of the human condition. The human condition involves maters to do with relationships, companionships not excluding mortality and birth. At the organization of the Kimsooja unfolding, all categories of the works of Kimsooja were put in perspective. In the use of portraits and photographs to depict messages, Kimsooja selects specific environments and places herself strategically in the photos. ‘A Needle Woman’ portrays a perfect example of her motion-photographic work. A needle is perceived as an instrument that brings pain when it encounters the body and skin through piercing. However, the needle is also used as a symbol of continuity. It enables the continuity of the fabric by joining the fabric together using a thread as the intermediary. The fabric, the needle and the thread can all be used symbolically to depict the day-to-day occurrence in a meaningful way. The work of art depicted by Kimsooja in these pieces

Theories in mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theories in mythology - Essay Example All mythic heroes are invariably ethical and moral. Most of the stories depict his hardship and travails in pursuit of a morally acceptable equilibrium. His persistence in the face of adversity and his dedication to his convictions are the other hallmarks of a mythic hero. But most importantly, irrespective of the human or super-human quality of the Hero, the mythology surrounding him is constructed to enlighten people on appropriate behavior and give them a sense of direction during phases of ambiguity. During the times of its conception and application, mythologies were intricately woven into the fabric of society. It is to be noted that for primitive people mythologies were the predominant source of information and entertainment. Hence, it becomes difficult to distinguish between the theoretical and practical sides of these stories. In the context of this uncertainty, it is inevitable that various and often conflicting interpretations of the meaning and significance of mythologies are formed. So no particular interpretation is universally acceptable. This leads to definitions that are only valid within a certain social and cultural unit of organization. At the time of its origins, human societies were largely feudalistic and paternalistic. This reality is also reflected in much of the literature of these times, which were again component parts that comprise the mythology. Every social order has had its ruling class. And mythologies were frequently employed as a means of keeping the status quo. Hence, the nobility, which is generally assigned the task of creating much of the mythology, did not adhere to principles of good scholarship. They were given a free hand to twist and tweak the tales to suit the ruling interests. This makes futile all attempts to arrive at a generally agreed definition for Mythology. Dardel assertion that myths are neither true nor false can be explained the following way. Many mythologies are

The Perfect Gym Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Perfect Gym - Essay Example The researcher states that the gym floor is cemented and its lighting is dim even though it is not too dim nor is it too bright and the gym is fitted with mirrors all over. Dumbbells in the gym go up to 180lbs though I have never witnessed anyone exploit them because the highest I have observed anyone use is 130lbs resting on a flat bench. During the workout, music is often played which is a combination of alternative, hard rock, rock, and heavy metal depending on the station playing the music. The gym has various payment plans that include $33 per month, $12 per week, and $5 per day depending on the preference of an individual; as well, the gym offers a three-month plan, a six-month plan as well as a one year plan without contracts. Upon paying, the management of the gym records the client as well as the date of termination of the client’s subscription. The gym is large and has the clean weight room with machines, dry towels at several points, hot towels in locker rooms, clea n locker rooms and multiple sections for showering and changing stations that enable people to shower and then dress quietly. The gym is located in an upmarket area where most local residents do not train despite the gym having plenty of gym facilities and beside them a spa. Although the gym does not have a personal training studio, the regular gym area stocked with weights, machines, elliptical, treadmills as well as a warehouse space ensures that the gym offers the best of everything. Since it offers enough space for stretching as well as floor exercises separate from other things like the weight machines; therefore, being a member of the gym makes me feel like I get what I paid for. Moreover, the gym’s staff is friendly and not imposing as well, the gym has tags users can place on machines to indicate that a machine is broken, which are then repaired within the shortest period possible.

Theories in mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theories in mythology - Essay Example All mythic heroes are invariably ethical and moral. Most of the stories depict his hardship and travails in pursuit of a morally acceptable equilibrium. His persistence in the face of adversity and his dedication to his convictions are the other hallmarks of a mythic hero. But most importantly, irrespective of the human or super-human quality of the Hero, the mythology surrounding him is constructed to enlighten people on appropriate behavior and give them a sense of direction during phases of ambiguity. During the times of its conception and application, mythologies were intricately woven into the fabric of society. It is to be noted that for primitive people mythologies were the predominant source of information and entertainment. Hence, it becomes difficult to distinguish between the theoretical and practical sides of these stories. In the context of this uncertainty, it is inevitable that various and often conflicting interpretations of the meaning and significance of mythologies are formed. So no particular interpretation is universally acceptable. This leads to definitions that are only valid within a certain social and cultural unit of organization. At the time of its origins, human societies were largely feudalistic and paternalistic. This reality is also reflected in much of the literature of these times, which were again component parts that comprise the mythology. Every social order has had its ruling class. And mythologies were frequently employed as a means of keeping the status quo. Hence, the nobility, which is generally assigned the task of creating much of the mythology, did not adhere to principles of good scholarship. They were given a free hand to twist and tweak the tales to suit the ruling interests. This makes futile all attempts to arrive at a generally agreed definition for Mythology. Dardel assertion that myths are neither true nor false can be explained the following way. Many mythologies are

Carnival Corporation Case Study Essay Example for Free

Carnival Corporation Case Study Essay Carnival Corporation as the largest cruise line in the world is being a leader and innovator in the cruise line industry. Many of the onboard activities and services were introduced to strengthen the competencies between competitors. The challenges of the Carnival were being overcome by the management with creative and innovative strategies. As a corporate entity, Carnival did not refuse to withdraw money to settle the ocean pollution charged by public. The expansions of cruise line market via acquisition of a few subsidiaries dominate the cruise line in the world. 1. Strengths (internal factors) First, the largest cruise line in the world, as the leader and innovator in the cruise industry (growth from two converted ocean liners into an organization with multiples cruise lines). Second, the belief of management and Board of Directors that the company will grows better. It motivates the employees to work hard. Third, internal grow in term of vessels that approximately ten vessels are under construction. Fourth, employees loyalty (the longest period employees remain in this organization is around eight years) because Carnival management treating well to their employees in terms of wages). Fifth, creative and innovative corporate officers that is ready to face challenges. Sixth, Carnival has operational experience and economic of scales that causing them to have lowest break even point in the same industry. Weaknesses First, in 1972, the speed of ship was slow. Second, the long-term debt within 1999 and 2001 is increased (the payback of debt may lower the revenue and thus decreasing the dividend payment for shareholders). Third, the expand market (business) of Carnival causing the difficulty in managing the business. Fourth, reducing on net income in 2001 is because of higher costs and expenses. 2. Opportunities (external factors) First, the expansion through acquisition can reduce the competitors in same industry and has the ability to compete with other competitors (lower advertising costs). Second, collaboration with travel agents can promote cruises. Third, the industry is expected to have bright future in passengers, consolidation through mergers, buyout, and smaller cruise operator failure, and the expansion of the industry worldwide. Fourth, expand of target customers from older people to younger people. Fifth, expand of onboard activities (casino, disco, and nightclub). Threats First, terrorist events that were happen in 11 September 2001. Second, negative publicity in 2002 where Carnival subjected by the ocean pollution charges and â€Å"Norwalk-like† virus that affect the cruise industry. Third, the increased of fuel costs and airline costs that affect the industry. Fourth, the failure of Carnival discontinued operations of Fiesta marina Lines that affect the company image. Fifth, Persian Gulf War that was increased competitors in the cruise industry especially in Caribbean area. Sixth, Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines had institute a major shipbuilding program that challenges Carnival. The emergence of Walt Disney Company in the cruise market; and the prospect of new ships on the horizon give impact to the â€Å"family† cruise vacation segment. 3. Core competencies Yes, Carnival has core competencies because it is the competency crosses divisional boundaries, Carnival can do exceedingly well, and must continuously reinvest in it: i) Adding diversion onboard – such as disco, nightclubs, casino, and others. Carnival also tries to attract younger cruisers by providing vacation package that included airfare to the port of embarkation and home after the cruise. ii) Product positioning – Carnival believes that cruise market comprised to three segments (contemporary, premium, luxury) with different passenger demographics, characteristics, and growth requirements. iii) Travel agents – collaborate with travel agents to promote cruises. Carnival also training travel agents from nonaffiliated travel firm to sell cruises. 4. Distinctive competencies Yes, Carnival has distinctive competencies because distinctive competency is the superior to those of the competitions and difficult for competitors to compete with Carnival: i) Investment in new ships – Carnival is expanding its internal growth by investing in new ships. The ships under constructions are around 10 vessels. It is difficult for other competitors to invest in these large numbers of ships in same period but Carnival can do. ii) External expansion through acquisitions – Carnival has five subsidiaries that control the major cruise lines in different countries. This causing Carnival becomes as the largest cruise line in the world. 5. What trends are emerging in cruise industry?  i) The adding diversion onboard such as planned activities, disco, nightclubs, casino, and other forms of entertainment activities (different kinds of activities that suitable for different ages of target customers). ii) Moderate priced vacation for younger cruisers that included airfare to the port of embarkation and home after the cruise. iii) All inclusive packages that began with bags were tagged for the ship at the airport, air-conditioned bus, meals, onboard activities, house keeping service, until passengers were transported back to airport. iv) Love story movie such as â€Å"Titanic† and â€Å"Love boat† that promote the romance onboard encouraging couples to join cruise. 6. Marketing strategy i) Price – moderate price (vacation packages) that middle-class clients afford to pay. Prices for different levels of rooms are charged according to the customers needs. ii) Product – vacation package that suitable for the clients aged. Other onboard activities such as casino and disco. The service from picking up the clients at airport to board and dropping clients again at airport. iii) Place – Caribbean ports and other destination such as Walt Disney World, Holland, and Costa, as long as the clients want to go. iv) Promotion – some of the promotions are done by travel agents. The â€Å"Fun Ship† cruise that with designated shipboard party and everyone is welcomed by Carnival is another success promotion. 7. The importance of travel agents The travel agents will help Carnival to promote the cruises as an alternative to Disney or European vacation. For people who never take a cruise in their life, or afraid of taking a flight to the destinations will be attracted. Thus, it shows that the important role of travel agents to Carnival. Besides that, not only attracting clients to take a cruise as the core business, selling cruise is also part of the Carnival business. Thus, Carnival is training travel agents from nonaffiliated travel firms to sell cruise. Because of the attractive benefit in term of money provided by Carnival, in year 2000, Carnival took reservations from about 29000 travel agencies to promote the business. And, it proves that this strategy in promoting cruises either to attract clients boarding the cruise or selling the cruise is succeed. 8. Flight or cruise? We will choose cruise because we have not travel yet to some where by cruise before. i) In our opinion, although the price for a cruise might be higher a bit than to take a flight to Caribbean island that we can afford to pay. By choosing a package for the cruising is worth because there will be variety of services that suitable for us as active younger cruisers rather than just to sit in the flight and we have nothing to do. ii) Even though cruise may take a longer time to reach Caribbean island, the final destination that we will reach is Caribbean island no matter we take a cruise or flight. Thus, we can enjoy the onboard facilities that we have paid for. Disco, nightclubs, gym room, cinema, and casino are the places that we seldom go for but we can enjoy if we take a cruise for this vacation. iii) Cruise is a place that we can relax ourselves since the purpose of travel is to relax our mind. The sea view from a ship can make us happy and reduce our stress. On the other hand, we c an also meet some new friends through this trip. iv) Besides, we can experience some exotic destinations when the cruise will sail in the ports. The cruisers can come down from the vessel and visit some famous spots. Adversely, if we take flight, we can’t visit anywhere except just transit in airport. 9. Evaluation of Carnival’s targeting to specific target market i) Contemporary segment – served by Carnival ships, featured a casual ambiance. ii) Premium segment served by Holland America, for longer market and appealed to more affluent consumers iii) Luxury segment – served by Seabourn and Cunard, catered to experience cruisers. The above are the target market for Carnival. Each segment has different types of costs to be charged to consumers. For the contemporary segment, it is more suitable for family and people who need relaxing during a short period of holidays. The price is cheaper than premium or luxury segment. For the premium segment, it is more suitable for affluent consumers, who need a longer period to relax. It normally targets an older people to board because the facilities in the ship are more suitable for their ages. This segment of cruise will have more cabin or public space per person. In term of price, it is the most expensive and little people can afford to pay. The price for this segment is higher than contemporary segment. Not everyone will prefer this segment of cruise because they need to consider the available time for taking the cruise. The luxury segment targets for extremely rich consumers where they were served as â€Å"king† and â€Å"queen† in the ship. The consumers who taking this segment of cruise can show that they have a higher social status and prestige is the main consider by consumers. 10. Strategic management in Carnival Carnival has a very unique and successful strategic management in cruise industry. During terrorist events in 2001, the world cruise industry was negatively impact by it. However, to overcome this problem, Carnival offered a deep discount to lure back the passengers. In year 2002, Carnival was subjected to the ocean pollution charges. The company was withdrawing $18 million to overcome this issue. This strategy is not only to overcome the issue ethically but also to maintain the company image. Carnival is doing well in pricing strategy where they offer different kinds of packages with moderate price for different kinds of customers. To improve the core competency of the company, Carnival tried to increase the services onboard and adding diversions onboard. Even though other cruise company can imitate this strategy but Carnival is the first to invent the same strategy that succeeds to gain revenue from it. Carnival tried to introduce new strategy to make more convenience to consumers such as the â€Å"all-inclusive package†. The main purpose of this strategy is to maximize the satisfaction of consumers on Carnival services. Finally, to reduce the competition in cruise industry and to compete with other competitors in the same industry, Carnival did acquisition on many cruise lines as subsidiaries. The expansion of Carnival in cruise line market through acquisition can tighten the status of Carnival in cruise industry. 11. The advantage of being a CFC The individuals (foreigners or locals) who held the stocks of Carnival under the CFC status are incorporation exempt shipping operations of United States persons from income tax. Carnival with all of its income (except of United State source of income from transportation, hotel and tour business of Holland America) would be exempt from United State federal income taxes at the corporate level. This exemption not only can increase the revenue of Carnival, it also allows the company to have more funds (liquidation assets) to run more projects or activities for the company. The reason of government to give exemption to Carnival is because to encourage this industry to growth and attract more passengers boarding on ship, especially the ship with casino. It will increase the government sources of money. 12. How to maintain low costs, high level of service? i) Vertical integration or outsourcing – Carnival can try to produce in-house or outsource the products or services in related industries such as shipbuilding, meal preparation industry, and transportation (bus). This is because either vertical integration or outsourcing, which contributes the lowest cost, will be the choice of Carnival to either produce in-house or to outsource the needs. The good relation with suppliers can guarantee the best quality of the products or services. The in-house produce (vertical integration) can guarantee for the high level of products and services quality. ii) Maintain employees – Experienced employees can be the senior for the new comers. They can train and guide the new workers while doing a task rather than the company to send them for training course. Thus, maintaining experienced employees can save the labor cost and maintain the service quality to passengers. iii) Maintain crui se standard (such as sanitary standard) by periodically checking to avoid break down during cruising and it may need higher cost to repair and bring inconvenience to passengers. Conclusion The success of Carnival is depends on the innovative Board of Directors and management. The growth of cruise market becomes more significant because of the low fares high quality of service. Carnival is dominating the cruise line market but they still do investment in improving the services so that to avoid the core competencies become the weaknesses of the company. Even though the net profit of year 2001 is decreased but it did not mean that they have weak internal control. External factors such as increased in fuel cost also are considered the factor in the declining profit. Finally, Carnival has the potential to grow in cruise line market because they already gained the experience in cruise line and they have strong financial to support many cruise activities.

The Cause And Effects Of Consumerism Cultural Studies Essay

The Cause And Effects Of Consumerism Cultural Studies Essay Consumerism is the term used to describe the effects of equating personal happiness with purchasing material possessions and consumption. Today we live in a consumer culture obsessed world. Consumption encompasses our everyday lives and structures our everyday agendas. The values, meanings and costs of what we consume have become an increasing important part of our social and personal experiences. The main factor enforcing our actions in this way is the news media. The news media is filled with information about consumption- not only in the form of advertising but also as news about businesses, lifestyles and economic indicators. However none of this tells us how we came about as a culture that associates freedom with the freedom of consuming anything of our choice and as a means of self-fulfillment. All cultures have found meaning in material goods. Objects resemble a social status or go further than that and have an emotional attachment with ones self. Goods are not only consumed for there material characteristics, but even more for what they symbolize- there meanings, associations and there involvement in our self image. Consumption is not simply the acquiring of products predestined meanings. Instead, it should be seen as a form of social consumer culture. While consumption is an act, consumer culture is a way of life. It is quite likely that never before in history has consumption become one of the central values of a culture. In modern society one learns merely to consume, and tasteful or appropriate consumption is only one of the numerous choices. It is this focus on consumption as a central worth that makes us a consumer culture. Consumption no longer seems to reflect our cultural values; it has itself become a cultural value. It has entered into the warp and turmoil of this fabric we call modern life. Every public space, every occasion for public gathering, every creative expression is seen as an opportunity to encourage more consumption. To understand how we have become this consumer crazy culture it is important to understand the humble beginnings of this crazy fixation. Before the industrial revolution of the eighteenth century, what people consumed was, either goods mad by family members or a person the consumer has a personal relation with. In early Europe the form consumerism took place in the weekly markets and seasonal fairs. The historical pattern in America was somewhat different. Unlike in Europe, where markets and fairs preceded the development of shops, in America shops emerged as the customary way of buying and selling in its early colonial period. It was not until the eighteenth century that markets and fairs became popular in the United States. Fashion is one of the key elements that fuel consumerism. Fashion not only includes clothing, but also any object where there is a concern for what is different, new and improved and which allows us to express our individuality. Fashion is so central to modern day consumption that it is difficult to imagine a culture in which it is not a major force. People throughout time have always been interested in the beautiful or in signs of status and in the pursuit of anything that brings them pleasure or happiness. It was during the last quarter of the sixteenth century in England that consumption first took off amongst the European nobility. This powered to two important developments. First, Queen Elizabeth the first used the dramatic spectacle of fashion as a display of government power. Second, she forced social competition among the nobility by removing them from their locality where they were clearly superior and forcing them to attend the London court where they had to compete with equals. Previously consumption had always been a family matter and what benefited the family the most. But now Elizabethan noblemen began to spend less on their families and more on themselves to further show there class and status. Josiah Wedgewood was one of the pioneers in the consumption phase. He had this new understanding of fashion and the market place. Wedgewood was a manufacturer and retailer of pottery in the eighteenth century. He was the first to recognize that if the rich and elite could be induced to adopt fashions, the other classes would follow soon. There are only certain societies where it is possible for a fashion to spread to the higher class to the lower class. Fashion has to be affordable for those in the lower class and the classes must be close enough with some fluidity between them that those in the lower class could imagine themselves owing what those in the upper class have. In England during this period the lower class was eager to possess whatever the upper class deemed fashionable. Wedgewood understood the immense financial potential of such a social situation and learnt how he could control it. His fashion tool was pottery. Wedgewood learned to closely observe what the upper class was buying in order to predict what direction the lower class consumption habits would follow through. Another factor adding to the consumer culture is the portrayal of this culture. In the United States consumption spurred as a symbol for rebellion rather than a symbol a homogeneous conformity. Schutte and Ciarlante describe Coca cola, Levis and Marlboro as symbols of individualism and freedom. Three phrases from Stuart and Elizabeth Ewens Channels of Desire (1982) which they see as indicative of the recent tendencies within consumer culture describe it best. Today there is no fashion: there are only fashions. No rules, only choices. Everyone can be anyone. This suggests there is a war against uniformity, a surplus of difference which results in a loss of meaning. The repercussion is that we are moving towards a society without fixed status groups in which the adoption of styles of life which are fixed to specific groups have been surpassed. We have been encouraged to buy in order to establish our individuality in a mass-produced culture. To express our disgust with consumption by more consumption, to purchase the latest improved traditions. Now people are encouraged to buy to convey their rejection of homogenized lifestyles. This anti-consumption attitude only fuels more consumption. Years ago, many people imagined that life would be idyllic in the 21st century. Technology would have cured most human short-comings, and there would be abundance of resources available for all. Population growth and over consumption underlie many of the invasive environmental and social concerns that humans face today. Over consumption of our natural resource base is jeopardizing ecosystems throughout the world. Wealthy nations like the US amount to 20 percent of the worlds population, yet they use more than 70 percent of the earths resources and generate an even higher volume of wastes. Some of these wastes are released into the atmosphere, rivers and oceans, others are land filled or incinerated, a small part is recycled. The standard notion of economic development envisions the rest of the worlds population moving progressively up the ladder of mass consumption. Clearly, the environmental implications of the global spread of mass consumption for resource use and environmental was te is staggering. In present times design culture also has greatly been influenced consumerism. Cities such as Las Vegas have dedicated there entire landscape to advertising to feed the need of consumerism. For the Utopian design at hand I have targeted the hospitality sector of the economy which attracts consumers owed to the hectic and fast-paced life we live today. I have chosen the Singapore Cricket Club for my bar and restaurant. The design is held together by the concept of network. Taking into consideration that the bar is the main attraction of a bar and highest revenue earning point in an FB. Using the concept of network my design directs all consumers towards the bar. The bar acts as the main attraction of my design which can be viewed from all levels and spaces. The unconventional feature of the bar is that it suspends 3000mm from the ground. As people walk through narrow corridors directing them towards the bar they are suddenly engulfed by the large open suspending bar and LED lighting panels from the ceiling going past 3 floors lighting up the entire design and focusing mainly onto the bar. The cuckoo club in London is a great example of how the bar acts as a key attraction in the premises. The entire space communicates glamour, drama and luxury. It represents a grand, dramatic film set with huge doors sweeping stairs, silk and voile drapes. The bar acts as a key feature covered entirely in gold sequins, set beneath a ceiling of diamond pattern panels of LED lighting (acrylic domes set into panels and then colour-washed across the whole ceiling), fringed with diamante beading. The lighting is flexible, varying from simulated daylight to pinks and purple in the night. The second case study chosen is Wine tower bar in UK. A 13 meter high wine tower forms the alluring centre point of the Radisson SAS Hotel lounge and bar at Stansted airport. The temperature controlled structure, constructed out of 6.5 tons of laminated glass, a steel core and a pyramid shaped roof, is fitted with an acrylic rack filled with 4,000 bottles of red and white wine. The enchantingly lit column not only serves as a large open wine rack but also functions as a theatre in which 4 graceful wine angels suspended on cables collect the bottles ordered by the guests. With the help of remote control and computer controlled winches, these women glide effortlessly up and down, whilst also slipping in a few acrobatics in the between. In conclusion Consumer culture has been incredibly successful. Not only has it been successful in satisfying our needs and desires, but it also has been successful in redefining what are needs are and expanding our desires. If we accept these desires as natural or inevitable, then consumer society seems natural and inevitable as well. Consumerism on the other hand does not only feed our desires but has left this earth with beyond reconcilable damages. Today are demand for goods is increasing beyond the capability of what our earth can come up with it. If our greed for consumption keeps increasing we will have to very soon give up our basic needs because our demands cannot be kept up with.