A Comparison of In-N-Out Burger and Fast Food Nation...

Often people buy a book at a bookstore after reading the first few pages to make sure that the book is interesting enough to continue reading at home. That is why Amazon has a â€Å"Click to LOOK INSIDE!† button on each book. It is the most important part of a whole book in order to catch potential readers. One would expect that both In-N-Out Burger and Fast Food Nation must have strong hooks at the beginning since they were both New York Times bestsellers. Although they both focus on the fast food industry, there is quite a contrast in the way they are written. In the prologue of In-N-Out Burger, the author Stacy Perman writes not about the hamburgers or the company, but mainly about the phenomena that the burgers caused. On the other hand, in†¦show more content†¦This episode sounds very realistic and impressive for the readers with the actual information. She continues to reveal the facts for the whole chapter, which makes a strong impression for the readers that t he burgers, in fact, have some kind of power or magic to make people crazy about them. On the other hand, Schlosser gives many figures and statistics as the evidence of his points in his book. He shows them mainly to compare the situations now and the time when fast-food industry was growing rapidly. He quotes figures such as the money Americans have spent on fast food (Schlosser 3), the numbers of the mothers who worked and had young children in 1975 (Schlosser 4), and the numbers of hamburgers and french fries that an average American has every week (Schlosser 6). They are very effective to persuade the readers that fast food actually changed people’s eating habits. Both authors reveal the facts effectively to the readers, but Perman seems to be more successful in using those impressions to enable the readers think the next question about the burgers and company. Schlosser’s figures strongly support what he wants to say, but they just end there and do not work as a c uriosity booster. How Perman and Schlosser depict the facts is quite similar in the first part of the chapter, but they are very different in the later part. In In-N-OutShow MoreRelatedFive Guys Burger1601 Words   |  7 PagesFive Guys Burgers and fries: Ingredients for success To: Dr. Maggie Sizer Contemporary Business Due Date: 01/21/2013 Introduction The purpose of analyzing the success story of Five Guys burger is to examine the milestones covered by Five Guys to establish the successful business in private enterprise system. The perfect business plan that Five Guys has includes drivers of change on the system, the ethical and social responsibilities that Five Guys developed towards its employees. FurthermoreRead MoreMcdonal Class 12 Project7889 Words   |  32 PagesCBSE ROLL NO. : ACADEMIC YEAR : 2012-2013 TEACHER IN CHARGE : MR. JAMES THOMAS INDEX SL. 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This force should be weak. 1.2.2 Substitutions Substitutes are readily available: food can be purchasedRead MoreProject on Mcdonalds Marketing Mix3972 Words   |  16 PagesMc Donalds marketing mix | 7 | Rebranding | 8 | About logo and tagline | 9 | SWOT analysis | 10 | Advantages and disadvantages | 11 | Conclusion | INTRODUCTION McDonalds Corporation  (NYSE:  MCD) is the worlds largest chain of  hamburger  fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.  Headquartered in the United States, the company began in 1940 as a barbecue restaurant operated by  Richard and Maurice McDonald; in 1948 they reorganized their business as a

Adolescent Group And Adolescents With Substance Abuse

Section One: Adolescent Group The population that I wish to serve is adolescents. I live in a small community where they currently do not offer a group for adolescents regarding substance abuse. The adolescent group will be broken down into two groups on two different nights: male and female. In order to prevent group dropouts, it is best to fit the members of each group in an environment where they will not feel judged, intimated, or embarrassed. By splitting up by gender, the group can focus in on male and female issues and allow a natural open discussion regarding thoughts and feelings. Adolescents are known to have a larger dropout rate compared to adults when dealing with substance abuse; however, there is inadequate study regarding treatment approaches precisely for youths (Becker Curry, 2008). Right around the 1980’s, adolescents dealing with substance abuse concerns were treated in an adult program, even though mentally and cognitively they were not developed to understand certain methods and strategies as an adult (Winters et al., 2011). Members of the group whom are diagnosed with co-occurring conduct disorder are consider to be difficult to receive successful treatment for within a group setting. More often, youth boys whom have conduct disorder have trouble recognizing and reacting to group signs and may often react with violent behavior to manage social concerns (Burleson et al, 2006). The large occurrence of conduct disorder in adding to the exclusiveShow MoreRelatedAdolescent Drug Abuse And Alcohol1426 Words   |  6 PagesDrug Abuse Adolescent Drug Abuse and Alcohol Nyria Madison Liberty University Coun 620 Abstract Around the world we are finding that most adolescent are experiencing drugs and alcohol. This has been a huge issue for years. 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Summary Response:Read MoreEssay about Adolescent Substance Abuse641 Words   |  3 PagesAdolescent Substance Abuse Adolescent substance abuse continues to be epidemic in American society -- it crosses geographic, economic, gender, racial, and ethnic lines. In addition, more than a decade of national, state, and local prevention efforts have been minimally effective. It is a major problem that continues to escape our control. Nearly 9 out of 10 high school seniors in America report that they have experimented with alcohol. Within this group, 3 out of 10 report alcohol abuseRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Mental Health Problems877 Words   |  4 PagesFINAL PROJECT 2 Introduction Substance abuse and mental health problems are serious issues in our society. These problems appear to be associated, so it is necessary to look at both and how they interact (Ramchand). Substance abuse can bring about or exacerbate existing mental health problems, including suicidal ideation and attempts. 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Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity

Question: Discuss about the Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity. Answer: Introduction: There are several techniques in the hands of the government to control the production of any specific commodity within the market. To reduce the production of the commodity, the government impose taxes on them. On other hand, the government also imposes quota on the commoditys quantity sold by the producer. Government impose several excise duties and taxes to control the customers consumption. Tax imposition influence the demand and supply part of the market depending on the one who bears the burden of tax. The supply of alcohol and impact of taxation on the same within the economy has been shown by the diagram below and discussed henceforth. From the above drawn diagram, both the scenario has been depicted in which once the supplier is the main tax bearer and in the other the consumer is the main tax bearer. In the left side the demand curve is flatter than the supply curve. In this case the majority of tax burden is borne by the supplier himself. On the right side, the supply curve is flatter than demand curve. Here the burden of the taxes is delivered by the consumer. After the imposition of tax, the consumption pattern of alcohol changes. In economy, the imposition of tax is only depending on the elasticity of the demand and supply curve and the reaction of the consumer to the tax rate (Cowen Tabarrok, 2015). Other than taxation, the government may also impose quota on the price level below which alcohol could not be sold. The effect of such a price bar has been elucidated below: From the above diagram, E is the equilibrium level. The government imposes quota that is charge the minimum price over equilibrium price (at Po). As a result he demand of the quantity supplied is reduced (Qe to Qo). Due to surplus supply in the production of goods, the producer has to face a loss as their products remain unsold. Hence, they start to reduce their level of production and therefore supply curve shifts backward and equilibrium is restored at a point where the new supply curve (SS1) intersects the demand curve. In other words, equilibrium is restored at the price level dictated by the government. Thus from the above discussion it can be said that taxes are better than quota because imposition of taxes has dual benefit. This is because through taxation the government collects more revenue from the market and due to high tax the production and consumption decreases. On other hand, quota reduces the production of alcohol but people started getting adjusted to the high price and market gets cleared without any benefit to the government.he long run is the time period in which all these factors become variable and market are said to operate at their optimum possible level. The situation of the economy in long run under monopolistic competition has been shown through the diagram below and discussed thereafter. As per the given question, the minimum price quoted by the table manufacturer in the long run for selling each unit of table is $200. Monopolistic producer has the motive to earn the maximum possible profit and thereby always decide to sell the quantity dictated by the intersection of MC and MR curve. This is the situation where a monopolist firm is not being able to get or earn super-normal profit. The firm can only remain in business by staying on its respective break-even point. As seen in the diagram above that the minimum point of LRAC curve that is $200 is situated to the right of the intersecting point of MC MR. Hence, it can be said that the firm which is operating in the downward sloping part of its LRAC is charging higher than the price dictated by the minimum point of LRAC. There is existence of excess capacity under monopolistic competition. The reason behind such excess capacity has been shown in the diagram below: The ideal situation would have been production at the point where the LRAC is minimum that is the cost of producing each unit or good is minimum. Under monopolistic competition this point is unattainable as at this point the revenue yield by the firm is lesser than the cost. Therefore, any rational producer never thinks of operating at this point. Since they do not operate at the socially optimum level, therefore there remains excess capacity of the firms to produce more goods in the economy. Oligopoly market is a case of imperfect market. The name has been derived from the Greek word Oligos which means a few and Pollen which means to sell. It is the market where few sellers dominate and control the entire demand of the economy. The primary characteristics of oligopoly market have been discussed below followed by some real world example of oligopoly market in Australia. Number of sellers: The oligopoly market has been characterised with the existence of few sellers. There has been no specific number mentioned to categorise the term few but they should be small enough in number to strongly influence the market. Competition Rigidity in Price: Since there are only a handful firms in the market, each of them faces tough competition from their opponent. Everyone tries their best to maximize the level of profit earned by them and tries to influence the market price of the goods sold. On other hand, the changes in price are always avoided due to the restriction possessed by other competitors. Interdependence: There exists strong degree of interdependence amongst the firms in oligopoly market. This is because due to existence of very few firm, the decision of one firm affects the others. Usually it has been observed that the players decide upon the price via collusion. Uniformity Issues: There exists issues in uniformity within oligopoly as some firms are potentially big whereas some are very small compared to them. Barriers: There is existence of rigidity in the market. Any firm which wishes to enter the market has to face strong opposition from the existing firms. The barrier to exit is lesser than the barrier to enter the market. Three real world example of monopolistic competition in the Australian economy are their banking sector, super market chains and the pharmaceutical industry. The reason behind categorising them under oligopolistic competition is given as follows: Pharmaceutical industry: There is existence of only a few pharmaceutical industries as compared to the number of consumers. This is because there has been a natural barrier to entry poised by the high cost associated with this industry. On other hand, the barriers are also created by the pharmaceutical giants in order to maintain their position. Few such giants operating in Australian economy are Pfizer, Alphapharm, GSK and Sanofi-Aventis. Supermarket chains: Australia is the home of few supermarket giants like Aldi, Woolsworth and Coles. They have the responsibility of catering to the lions share demand for FMCGs in Australia. They often have price wars amongst them whereby each wants to attract their customer base by reducing their price and consequently everyone ends up selling at low price. Banking sector: Almost 90% of Australias financial decision is controlled by the big 4 banks of the nation namely ANZ, NAB, WBC and CBA. Since they hold the majority power, hence this industry in Australia falls under oligopolistic competition. Monopolistic competition is the market where there is existence of multiple numbers of firms each engaged with selling the same product. The products of monopolistic firms are not identical in nature. The market structure and characteristics of this firm is given as follows: Barriers: There is lack of stringency in the market with regards to the entry and exit. The firms with the motive of earning super-normal profit enter the market and whenever they cannot earn the profit, they try to leave the market. Buyers and Sellers: There are several producers in monopolistic market as compared to the oligopolistic market. Each producer has certain hold on the price-output decision of the economy. Knowledge: The monopolistic market has always been engulfed with deficiency in knowledge and lack of information. This makes the producers unaware of the exact taste of the people and the consumers remain unaware of the different variety of products available in the market. There are several products that falls under monopolistic market. Three such products that fall under monopolistic market and is a part of Australia are coffee, cereals and restaurants. Coffee: This globally acknowledged beverage can be consumed either when it is hot or when it is cold. In addition, there are several varieties of coffee to choose from. On other hand, multiple numbers of coffee shops exists in the market each quoting the price of their product in accordance with peoples demand. Restaurant: There are umpteen numbers of big and small restaurants in the Australian economy each working with the same purpose of catering food. Most of them cater a wide range of foods for their consumer to choose from thereby bringing in product differentiation. Cereals: The cereals that people consume for breakfast are available in a wide range of variety. It depends on the consumer whichever they want to eat. On other hand, the producer always try to bring in more variety in the market in order to kkep pace with the changing demand and attract more consumer. Duopoly is that market where the two sellers supply or serve to the consumer within a particular region. It gives them the power to control the price of commodities sold and gives shape the consumers demand. It is the simple type of oligopoly. Natural duopoly exists when two firms sustain in the market and the entry of the third firm is barred by the already existing firm and the huge cost associated with the entry. The features of natural duopoly are as follows: Existence of only two firms: Duopoly market is that when two firms take power to control the demand of the whole market for a specific commodity. Other firms that are present in the market have no power to control the quantity produced in the market and its price. Seller agreement: Under the market both the seller can take independent decision. There is no such agreement regarding the charged prices or the produced quantity of goods and services. Influence: When the two sellers are affected by the opponents decision and they thought that their partner is not influenced by them is the duopoly form. Here both the sellers predict the decision that their opponent would take and they execute their decision accordingly. In the above diagram the red coloured line is the market demand under natural duopoly. It is formed by the two intersecting blue lines which highlights the reaction function of the two firms. Entry into the market of duopoly by the new firms has always been kept at bay by the existing firms and even at times the restrictions are imposed by the government. Often it has been observed that the existing firms goes into collusion and decides upon the commodity price such that they can maximize their profits (Mankiw, 2014). On other hand if any other firms try to enter the market they are going to face a heavy loss and because of that steps back from entering. Entry of new firms are often restricted by the government if it can be found that the existing firm has comparative advantage and is able to meet the market demand. References: Baumol, W. J., Blinder, A. S. (2015).Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Cengage Learning. Bernanke, B., Antonovics, K., Frank, R. (2015).Principles of macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Cowen, T., Tabarrok, A. (2015).Modern Principles of Microeconomics. Palgrave Macmillan. Mankiw, N. G. (2014).Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Morrow, J., Dhingra, S. (2014). Monopolistic competition and optimum product diversity under firm heterogeneity.Journal of Political Economy. Nikaido, H. (2015).Monopolistic Competition and Effective Demand.(PSME-6). Princeton University Press. Pigou, A. C. (2013).The economics of welfare. Palgrave Macmillan. Rios, M. C., McConnell, C. R., Brue, S. L. (2013).Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill. Schwager, J. D., Etzkorn, M. (2017). Supply?Demand Analysis: Basic Economic Theory.A Complete Guide to the Futures Market: Technical Analysis and Trading Systems, Fundamental Analysis, Options, Spreads, and Trading Principles, 359-371.

What Dont You Know Essay Example

What Dont You Know? Essay Information is a blessing, a burden, a motive, and a deterrent- all-depending on how it is viewed and who acts as the viewer. As a viewer, I always force myself to take a second glance, to look back over my shoulder, even if I know nothings there. As a visual learner, I have the ability to conceptualize these moments and record them in my brain, down to every reaction. However, my experience volunteering in the American Red Cross Braille department has enabled me to conceptualize to what extent my sight remains a desideratum in my personal learning process. I was required to learn the Braille alphabet and number system. This did not at first seem to be an arduous task because I was used to memorizing, even trained to memorize, but only by sight. When I looked at these numbers I could easily tell is 0 and is 7. However, my curiosity led me to try to do this task with my eyes closed and read the textbook as if I was blind. Although I could feel the mass of compact dots, I could not feel the separations between each number that I previously saw. I realized that knowledge is more than what is set down on paper or orally discussed in a lecture. It takes the human eye to infuse these facts with shades of deeper meanings. As an observer, my personal search for knowledge involves the integration of my new experiences with my previous ones. Sight allows me to look at the world objectively or biasly, but these observations are my own and remain backed by my own life experiences. Frankly, I can never completely understand something, until I can see it and color it with my own perspective. We will write a custom essay sample on What Dont You Know? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Dont You Know? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Dont You Know? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Through my life, I have learned to believe that the Earth has 7 continents and 5 oceans, but I have never had the experience of counting them beyond the realm of a map. I assume that the moon is 238,857 miles away, but I have yet the opportunity to measure it. Information is so powerful that the assumption of information, even if the information does not actually exist, can have a sobering effect. I have often blindly accepted information as true, but through this acceptance I have only denied myself the ability to ask the right questions and see the truth. As a student, I have often been asked to learn and understand novel ideas by means of textbooks or newspaper articles. But, how do I know this information it true based on words and text alone? Words limit the scope of my understanding because they define certain concepts, by restricting the idea to a definition. The multifaceted aspects of language allow people to explain the source of their knowledge. But consequently, language also inhibits its users, who can be restricted by trying to pinpoint the right word, when there might not be one strong or passionate enough to describe the intended meaning. Sight can turn conventional wisdom on its head because it bothers to challenge explanation for many issues that often go unexamined, unquestioned, and not corrected. For example, I know what love is because I have witnessed it everyday in the warmth of my home and the comforts of my school. Personally, I believe that love is a word that has numerous inaccurate definitions. Regardless, you just cant pin it down with six or seven meanings. Love transcends meaning. This feeling exists beyond the realm of language, but I know it exists because I see it everyday. It is that feeling in the pit of you stomach that occurs when you see someone you truly care about or even when you see a couple holding hands. However, I do not know what love means to you because I have yet to see the world through your eyes.

Dividing a Word When Writing or Typing

Dividing a Word When Writing or Typing Sometimes it is necessary to divide a word at the end of the line because there is not enough space for the completion of the word. These days many computer programs automatically take care of this problem for you. However, if you are using a typewriter or handwriting on stationary it is useful to know these rules. In order to divide a word add a hyphen (-) typed without a space immediately after the first part of the divided word at the end of the line. For example ...The matter of job compen-sation is extremely important... Rules for Dividing Words Here are the most important rules to follow when dividing a word By syllable: Divide the word by syllables or units of sound. For example, important, im-por-tant - important has three syllables; thinking, think-ing - thinking has two syllables By structure: Divide the word into the smaller units of meaning from which the word is constructed. It may have a beginning (a prefix) such as un-, dis-, im-, etc., (im-portant, dis-interested) or an ending (a suffix) such as -able, -fully, (as in desirable, desir-able). By meaning: Decide how each part of the divided word is best understood in order that the word is easily recognized from the two parts. For example, compound words such as houseboat made up of two words combined to make a single word, house-boat. Here are six further rules to help you decide when and how to divide words. Never divide a word within a syllable.Never divide an ending (suffix) of two syllables such as -able or -fully.Never divide a word with an ending of two letters such as -ed -er, -ic (exception -ly)Never divide a word so that one of the parts is a single letter.Never divide a word of one syllable.Never divide a word of fewer than five letters.

Are data and sales publishings driving forces

Are data and sales publishings driving forces Are data and sales publishing's driving forces? Reedsy was at The Frankfurt Book Fair this year. The conferences from the self-publishing program were interesting, but often too short to really dig into details. Luckily, I had registered ahead of time for a panel that went almost unnoticed thanks to poor programming; by Saturday morning, most of the trade visitors had either left or were too exhausted to reflect on the state of the industry with any wit or coherence.Porter Anderson, journalist for The Bookseller’s Futurebook and Thought Catalog; Orna Ross, â€Å"indie† author and founder of ALLi; and Marcello Vena, founder of All Brain, a publishing consultancy, convened to answer one brilliant, pertinent question: Is it all about sales?The dissection of a publisher by Marcello VenaPorter opened, putting the question to the panel. First up was Marcello Vena with a 15-minute dissection of a publishing company. Marcello didn’t try to be elaborate or- heaven forbid- present us with another blueprint of how to â⠂¬Å"disrupt† the publishing industry. Rather, he drew a clear, structured picture of what publishing should be about, going back to the fundamentals.Here’s what I took away from Marcello’s contribution: Yes, publishing is a business. The biggest publishers are owned by multinationals and are under the pressure of the markets. And the markets care about sales. Whether this should be its philosophy or not, a publishing company is always there to make money, because else it cannot be sustained. It’s that simple.However- and this is where the beautiful twist comes in- even though sales are just as important to Penguin as to Pampers, selling books isn’t like selling diapers. Publishing is a creative industry. Sales depend on two different capabilities: first,  acquisition (luring the best authors who write the best books, and developing their careers), and second,  marketing (i.e. ensuring that the books get into the hands of their target audience).T his is what makes publishing such a puzzle, an industry resistant to standard strategies of â€Å"disruption†: you have to compete both for content and distribution.When both are done together, and done well, that equals†¦ sales.When the balance is not respected†¦Good debate needs common ground- something we can all agree on. Now that we know how a publisher should work, we can identify what is going wrong (if, indeed, something is going wrong).And no one better than Orna to help with that. You can read her story here. Orna’s publisher didn’t respect the necessary balance between acquisition and marketing. Her publisher took her book about â€Å"strong women rising above their inherited circumstances† and turned it into a love story with a neon-pink cover. â€Å"For the mass market,† she was told.This is not the first â€Å"horror story† (Polly Courtney has a similar one), nor will it be the last. They always follow the same classi c plot: author takes book to publisher, publisher uses book as raw material for making something more â€Å"marketable,† author feels like giving up.To widen the debate: a reflection on data and creative industriesThis is when Porter kicked in with a comparison to the news industry. Before the data-era, the power in newspapers and magazines resided with the editorial team. Journalists wrote what they wanted, how they wanted - and this often resulted in well-written, in-depth pieces on critical subjects.Now, power has shifted to the advertisers. Journalists are not supposed to write what they think is â€Å"good† or relevant; they have to write what data shows will be read and clicked on.This comparison led the audience to a crucial question in this debate: is data compatible with creative industries?Data-driven strategies are all about testing and iteration, repeating what works. Obviously, Marcello points out, big publishers do other things too. If they didn’t, we’d be drowning in a sea of erotica right now. But things might be moving that way, just like they have for journalism.Trying to be iterative in a creative industry is problematic because it stops publishers from finding the next â€Å"big hit†. Big hits are almost always books that uncover a market that either didn’t exist or looked dead (exempli gratia: Harry Potter, Fifty Shades of Grey). Sometimes the acquisition team of a publisher has to take a leap of faith- a leap unsupported by data- and marketing has to trust it.Closing remarksThe balance between editorial and marketing is maybe only one of the challenges facing publishing companies nowadays, but it might be the most important. The balance is at once about publishing itself, what it means, what it does.As Porter has repeatedly pointed out in his articles for The Bookseller or Thought Catalog, we often forget that the big shift happening in the publishing industry is a relatively recent one.   We ar e in this industry and this makes us impatient to see progress and adaptation to change, but we must not forget that no other industry would have reacted quicker or better to such a paradigm shift. It’s not exactly the most comforting of thoughts, but it’s true.Nevertheless, hopefully when I’m in Frankfurt this time next year we’ll have started to see some sort of response to all this kind of thing.Thanks for reading.RicardoCOO, ReedsyIf you enjoyed Ricardo’s thoughts on the business of publishing, you might want to check out some of these posts†¦Patience: The Modern Author’s Lost VirtueAuthorpreneurs VC PublishersUncommon Author - An Interview with Eliot Peper

The education system in kuwait Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

The education system in kuwait - Essay Example The Council of Education was established in the year 1936, which effectively made the Kuwaiti government responsible for providing monetary and other resources for education. It also undertook the supervision of teaching. In addition, the Council of Education was made responsible for organising learning, which it did by designing and planning the curriculum to be implemented. The very next year, the Council of Education established one primary school for girls, and two primary schools for boys (MOE, 2009). With the passage of time, education in Kuwait became quite popular. This resulted in a steady increase in the number of prospective students. In response to this development, the Council of Education enlarged the existing schools, by introducing additional classes in them. In the year 1947, a religious teaching institute was formally launched in Kuwait. Thereafter, in the year 1949, Kuwait established a teachers’ training institute, in order to cater to the needs of primary school teachers (MOE, 2009). The Arab Republic of Egypt and other Arab nations, provided some of the funds required by the education system of Kuwait. There was considerable emphasis upon education in the sciences. In the year 1952, the government appropriated to itself the management of education. In this endeavour, Kuwaitis were employed, and technical support was extended by the other Arab nations. Several educational reforms were witnessed in the year 1954, when a restructuring of the study plans and curriculum were undertaken. A restructuring of the learning stages was conducted, and the curriculum was made more flexible, with a view to rendering it more relevant to the cultural and social developments taking place in the nation. With these changes, education at the kindergarten and primary level was for a duration of four years, and in the intermediate and secondary stages it was four years each (MOE,

Conservative Approach of Organosations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conservative Approach of Organosations - Essay Example Some say, â€Å"Attack is the best defense† while others preach, â€Å"defense is the best attack† (Shim, pp. 62, 2011). This paper is an attempt to capture a glance of this debate by exploring the arguments of both sides of the debate. Discussion Arguments in favour of aggressive approach Following could be some of the advantages in favour of the aggressive approach of companies. First, it is always difficult for firms to compete with each other when the switching costs incurred by the buyer for a product or service are high. This is more likely to be true in the technological market since the switching costs goes on to include the high fixed investments, training expenditure and others (Markides & Geroski, pp. 139-140, 2005). Therefore, when a new firm tries to compete with the first mover in the industry, it always has to consider the switching costs of buyers that are high in case of technology related or technology based products. Therefore, the new firms has to co me up with a value proposition that not only offers more value than the existing product but that value should also be sufficient to induce the customers in incurring the switching costs (Geel, pp. 351, 2011). ... 20-21, 2009). Third, there are no doubts in the fact that firms that are quick in capitalizing on technological opportunities also develop a unique relation with their buyers that other firms fail to have. These firms get more time to exploit the distribution and supplier channels thus their relationship with all of distribution and supplier channels stands out of the crowd (Skarzynski & Gibson, pp. 168-169, 2008). Further researches reveal that not only firms that capitalize on technological opportunities end up getting hold of those superior and innovative technologies but at the same time, they also end up acquiring the lion’s share of many other resources associated with the same. For example, if there any assets or natural resources associated with the business that is unique, the firm may be able to acquire that on well below the market price or may have great bargaining advantage over the suppliers, which other firms will not have when they enter into a crowded market ( Shim, pp. 62, 2011; Porter, pp. 46-47, 1998). The importance of adopting new technologies is also evident from the blue ocean strategy as well, which is, in itself, a new and unique chapter in the field of strategic management. The strategy argues that the entire field of strategic management is faulty and flawed in the sense that it encourages firm to remain and fight in the red oceans. The blue ocean strategy divides the marketplace into blue oceans and red oceans. Most of the firms are in Red Ocean that is characterized by their fierce competitive environment, cutthroat competition, increasing pressuring on firms to beat competition (Markides &

Role of Religion in Centralization of Nation States Essay Example for Free

Role of Religion in Centralization of Nation States Essay Religion was a major factor in the centralization of territories into modern nation states. Religion was crucial in the development of the modern nation state because of its ability to be a unifying characteristic. Religion also created common enemies which allowed groups with different religious views separate into individual states that be far more likely to have a more centralized government or monarch. While religion acted as a catalyst in the development of the modern nation state, religion hindered and tore apart developing nation states. Religion played both the role of an asset and a liability in the case of centralization during the age of the reformation. Religion was successful in creating a common characteristic, by which people categorized themselves. For example, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile reformed Spain by requiring all citizens to be Catholic. This would allow them to have better control and a shared attribute with the citizens of Spain, which would allow for a more centralized territory that would become a nation state. Also during this time period the Calvinists in the Holy Roman Empire area controlled by Philip II were being persecuted for their religion. The common religion in these Dutch provinces allowed for them to form together and create a centralized territory which eventually would become the Dutch Netherlands. German principalities also used their religion as a common characteristic to hold themselves together. When Martin Luther told the German Princes to separate from the Pope and Holy Roman Empire, they unified under Lutheranism which led to the development of that nation state. While religion was used as a common characteristic, religion was also used to unify groups of people by creating common enemies. For example, William of Orange (William I) centralized the Dutch Provinces, who were primarily Calvinists, against the Holy Roman Empire who was trying to force them to become Catholic. Ferdinand II also tried to use religion to create a common enemy within the Holy Roman Empire, he did this through the Edict of Restitution. The Edict of Restitution made Calvinists the enemy and unified the Catholics against them and temporarily solidified the Holy Roman Empire as a nation state. Another example of religion creating a common enemy was when Henry VIII created Anglicanism which was against the Pope. This  negative disposition towards the Pope strengthened England and allowed the monarch of England to create a more centralized territory, which led to the development of the modern nation state that is England. While religion was good as bringing nation states together and solidifying them, it also slowed and destroyed developing nation states. For example, the religious diversity that occurred within the Holy Roman Empire led to differences in religion and sect breaking apart until there was no more Holy Roman Empire. Henry of Navarre (Henry IV) saw this problem when he became the King of France and witnessed the religious wars in France between the French Huguenots and Ultra-Catholics. This slowed the development of France as a nation state, this is because religion was placed ahead of the state. Another example of religion dividing developing nation states was when Philip II attempted to oppress the Calvinists in the Dutch provinces with the Spanish Inquisition. This difference in religion led to the Dutch Revolt and caused the territory to be separated. Religion was critical in the development and disestablishment of the modern nation state. Religion provided a common characteristic from which a nation state could develop; it also created a characteristic by which a nation state could divide. However, in a majority of the cases the separation was necessary and led to the creation of multiple independent nation states. Religion was both a centripetal and centrifugal force. Religion created created a common characteristic and enemy, which aided the development of the modern nation state, as well as a difference that was a major factor in the disestablishment of developing modern nation states during the age of the reformation.

The Definition of Cyberpunk Essay -- Science Fiction Literary Genre Es

The Definition of Cyberpunk In Bruce Sterling's article, "Cyberpunk in the Nineties," he explained how public opinion had defined himself, Rucker, Shiner, Shirley, and Gibson as the cyberpunk "gurus" in the 1980's. Because of being labeled cyberpunk "gurus," the public had come to understand the definition of cyberpunk as "anything that cyberpunks write." To break this definition of cyberpunk established by popular public opinion, I will pursue giving cyberpunk a more definite definition. After reading numerous cyberpunk fiction stories, I noticed reoccurring themes in these stories. I believe these themes can form a criteria under which a story can be defined as cyberpunk. These criteria are total enhancement and integration of everyday life by technology, some degree of pleasure (by the author) in explaining this technology, cyber-lingo, and some degree of global connectiveness. The first criterion or theme, total enhancement and integration of everyday life by technology is probably the most obvious and vital in order for a story to be deemed cyberpunk. Why is it the most obvious and most vital? It is the most obvious because cyberpunk writers use the "everyday," that is, objects, concepts, or places we causally shrug off as normal, and integrate/enhance the normal with technology. A good example can be found in John Shirley's "Freezone." Upon entering the "Semiconductor" the scene is unusual but appears to be a everyday freak club. An occasional flare dots the audience. They have multi-colored hair that is styled straight up. In reaction to the flares and much more frequent than the flares are minimonos; they have ultra-straight hair falling down past their shoulders and uniform monochrome colored clothes. Anyway, the ... ...d projecting its evolution in the future, he is not intimidated, therefore he is able to enjoy himself in explaining this concept or technology. Furthermore, because the author is reflecting off of a society so obsessed with detail, he is obligated to present his story is such a detailed fashion. Basically, I think, that if cyberpunk fiction fulfills its purpose then the four criteria will fall naturally into place and therefore these four criteria build the backbone of the definition of cyberpunk. Works Cited Sterling, Bruce, Ed. Mirrorshades. New York: Arbor House, 1988. Cadigan, Pat. "Rock On" Shirley, John. "Freezone" Browning, Tonya, Ed. Writing About Cyberpunk. Austin: Abel's Copies, 1995. McCaffrey, Larry. Storming the Reality Studio Gibson, William. "Johnny Mnemonic" Tiptree, James Jr. "The Girl Who Was Plugged In"

American Vinyl Products

Allocate our resources? 3 methods to decide 1. Tradition been used for the longest period of time by all countries traditions used in US allocate our resources to aid the most needed like in hospital emergency room services allocate concrete tickets, first come first serve 40 hours a week Seniority Getting off a sinking boat, women and children first, then the men, then the crew, last is the captain Advantages: 2.Political system or Political method let the government decide such as kings and queens public goods and goods with externalities Advantages: Market system – supply and demand Hasn't been around as long as other two, relatively new Whoever has the money to pay for the product gets it first Most used method Allocated to where the profit is, follows the money most efficient of the 3, others rely on other values like being fair because of most attention to opportunity cost, what am I giving up for what I am doing least wasteful f resources How do you decide?Tradition â⠂¬â€œ promise and obligations Efficiency – money, getting the most for your money Have to do it because someone told u like your boss or parents Opportunity cost: how much you lost because you did something else. Went to Chicago and didn't work so lost work money 9/8/14 – Opportunity cost (Chip 1) Opportunity cost graph – (Production Possibility curve) Wheat Grapes Point A: Availably but not efficient Points should be on curve or inside Our land, from hills to flat.

Lord of The Flies Web Quest

Tibia Insulaechorab How the conch's used & its significance o The leader will be chosen every Sunday so that everyone will be able to experience how to be a leader o There will be a conch ceremony while changing the group leader. The leader will wear the conch with its chain all week long. o The conch will be used by the leader to gather everyone, to quieten the group and to let somebody speak. o The conch symbolizes leadership and authority. The person who has it is different from the others. The leader with his conch has to organize all the stuff related to the island and people. MAP OF THE ISLAND Ways to get food & water * A group of 3 or 4 people will be fishing three times a week. The fisher group will be changed every week after the conch ceremony so that just one group of people won't be fed up with fishing during the life on island. Also, fishing group will be responsible for getting other types of seafood. * Water will be kept in holes which are covered with leaves and rocks -so that the water won't be absorbed- Purification tablets may be used . * The food will be cooked on fire made by using a magnifying glass. * Other kinds of food will be fruits and vegetables.(if possible) The fisher group will be responsible for hunting for the rest of the days (3-4 days per a week) Tools needed to build shelters A poncho Rope Stakes Knife The rules and rights of everyone & The consequences for breaking the rules * Everyone has to keep in mind that the person who doesn't respect somebody is not respected. * Whatever the leader says must be done * Everybody must do some work. All the members of the island has to participate in the life om island * If someone breaks one of the rules, he/she will be expelled from the group. So she/he has to survive on her/his own. * Signal fire must be kept burning all the time. * The person who looks after the fire must observe what goes around the island.

Obesity Example

Obesity Example Obesity – Term Paper Example HPE14 Section Obesity Dr. Stephen Nathanson Obesity is such an epidemic which has engulfed the entire world for many decades. Obesity increases the chances of many medical problems such as cardiovascular diseases, osteoarthritis and even some types of cancer (Butcher, 2006). It has also been discovered that obesity is one of the major causes of death with an estimation of above 100,000 people dying every year due to this disease. These are not the only problems obesity can cause many other problem such as complication in pregnancy and delivery. However, health issues are not the only problems associated with obesity there are also certain economic side effects of it (Sandman, 2007). Different nutritionists and dieticians suggest a number of solutions and cures for this disease. However, there are a few major categories where the first one is in the form of dieting in which the aim is to cut down on consumption of fattening food. Another popular technique is working out, which inclu des aerobics, yoga, gym, wait training and many others (Wright, 2004). Some people use the combination of these both with a proper weight loss plan, which is another technique. Also taking prescribed medication is essential to control obesity as medicines control appetite (Caprio, 2006). Also the surgical options have started to work more and more with the passage of time. Obesity is a disease that has no boundaries and is common amongst all age groups, gender and ethnic backgrounds. It is an epidemic that has spread all around the globe. Statistics show that 31% of Americans are considered obese with a BMI crossing 30 (Grossman, 2004).Butcher, Kristin F. Childhood Obesity: Trends and Potential Causes. The Future of Children, 16, 2006Caprio, Sonia. Treating Child Obesity and Associated Medical Conditions. The Future of Children, 16, 2006Grossman, Michael. The Economics of Obesity. Public Interest, 2004Sandman, Nirit. Fighting Childhood Obesity through Performance-Based Regulation of the Food Industry. Duke Law Journal, 56, 2007Wright, Jan. The Obesity Epidemic: Science, Morality and Ideology. Routledge, 2004

A Biography of American Painter Andrew Wyeth

A Biography of American Painter Andrew Wyeth Born on July 12, 1917, in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania, Andrew Wyeth was the youngest of five children born to illustrator N. C. Wyeth and his wife. Andrew came equipped with a bad hip and frequent bouts with illnesses, and parents decided that he was too fragile to attend school, so instead hired tutors. (Yes. Andrew Wyeth was  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹homeschooled.) While aspects of his  childhood were rather solitary, for the most part, life in the Wyeth home was filled with art, music, literature, storytelling, a never-ending succession of props and costumes that N. C. used to compose his paintings and, of course, the large Wyeth family. His Start in Art Andrew began drawing a very early age. N. C. (who taught many students, including daughters Henriette and Carolyn) wisely did not attempt to instruct Andy until hed reached the age of 15 and had some inkling of his own style. For two years, the younger Wyeth received rigorous academic training in draftsmanship and painting technique from his father. Turned loose from the studio Wyeth also turned his back on oils as a painting medium, choosing less-forgiving watercolors instead. Those familiar with later works are often surprised at his early wet brush numbers: quickly executed, broad strokes and full of color. N. C. was so enthusiastic about these early works that he showed them to Robert Macbeth, a New York City art dealer. No less enthusiastic, Macbeth staged a solo exhibition for Andrew. Most enthusiastic of all were the crowds who flocked to look and buy. The entire show sold within two days and, at the age of 20, Andrew Wyeth was a rising star in the art world. Turning Point Throughout his 20s Wyeth began painting more slowly, with greater attention to detail and composition, and less emphasis on color. He had learned to paint with egg tempera, and alternated between it and the dry brush watercolor method. His art underwent a dramatic shift after October 1945 when N. C. was struck and killed at a railway crossing. One of his two pillars in life (the other being wife Betsy) was goneand it showed in his paintings. Landscapes became more barren, their palettes muted, and the occasional figures that appeared seemed enigmatic, poignant and sentimental (an art-critical word the artist came to loathe). Wyeth later said that his fathers death made him, meaning that grief caused him to focus intensely, and forced him to paint with deep emotion going forward from the mid-1940s. Mature Work Though Wyeth did a lot of portraitures, he is best known for interiors, still lifes and landscapes in which figures are largely absent - Christinas World is the most notable exception. As the years passed his palette lightened up somewhat and late works contain hints of vibrant color. Certain art professionals decry Andrew Wyeths work as mediocre at best, even as a growing segment champions it. The Peoples Painters output is beloved by an overwhelming majority of art fans, though, and please know this as well: there are no artists who wouldnt have jumped at the chance to observe his working technique. Wyeth died on January 16, 2009, in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania. According to a spokesperson, Mr. Wyeth died in his sleep, at his home, after an unspecified brief illness. Important Works Winter 1946, 1946Christinas World, 1948Groundhog Day, 1959Master Bedroom, 1965Magas Daughter, 1966Helga series, 1971-85Snow Hill, 1989 Quotes From Andrew Wyeth I prefer winter and fall when you feel the bone structure of the landscapethe loneliness of it, the dead feeling of winter. Something waits beneath it; the whole story doesnt show. If you display yourself completely, all your inner soul disappears. You have to keep something to your imagination, to yourself. I get letters from people about my work. The thing that pleases me most is that my work touches their feelings. In fact, they dont talk about the paintings. They end up telling me the story of their life or how their father died.

Music in The Heart is a lonely hunter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Music in The Heart is a lonely hunter - Essay Example Virginia (2005) rightly enlists the character of Mick Kelly when she remarks â€Å"Mick Kelly, a tomboyish adolescent who shuts out the real world with music and dreams of fame and distant lands† (Virginia Spencer Carr, 2005). Reading through the novel, one can realize that McCuller has portrayed her characters as appealing sympathy of the readers and they are really the prototype figures representing the author herself. Especially, the character of Mick has a clear connotation with the author’ personal life where she herself was much interested and wished to be proficient in playing piano. To an extent, one can infer that Mick is the true representative of McCuller who had to leave the greatest desire of her life half way. As McCuller started her musical lessons at the age of six, she makes her character Mick also to begin her musical lessons at an early stage of life. While analyzing the personal life of the author, it is understandable that some fatal diseases drove her away from fulfilling her driving passion to become a concert pianist. But regarding Mick, it is the poor state of her family that stands on her way from leading her to the vast and impassioned realms of music. Being haunted with diseases, McCuller was forced to seek other fields, such as writing dramas, casting, directing and producing them. Actually, it was a submission to her fate and the same submissive nature is expressive in Mick’s character and she could not really bear up the prospect of losing her musical lessons.

Schizophrenia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Schizophrenia - Essay Example Several people who suffer from schizophrenia are not always violent and they do not cause harm to others. The disease is not associated with childhood experiences or inadequate parental guidance and the signs and symptoms  differ  from one person  to another (Swerdlow, 2010). The primary cause of schizophrenia is not very precise, and multiple factors have been associated to predispose and cause the disease. Several scientists have associated schizophrenia with genetics as the main cause since it runs in the familial tree and that an individual inherits the disease. Similarly, schizophrenia has been identified to develop when an individual’s body undergoes several hormonal and physical changes, for example during puberty in adolescents. The disease may as well be triggered by some environmental factors such as infections by virus or when an individual is in a highly stressful situation. Chemical imbalance in the brain is another major cause of schizophrenia, whereby serotonin and dopamine fail to be in optimal levels. These chemicals (neurotransmitters) have a major function of allowing the nerve cells in the brain to send a signal to other parts. An imbalance of these neurotransmitters affects an individual’s brain reaction to stimuli. Thi s provides an explanation why an individual with schizophrenia occasionally gets overwhelmed by some sensory stimuli such as loud music or dazzling lights, which normal individuals easily handle (Roder & Medalia, 2010). There are no specific signs and symptoms of schizophrenia and they differ from one person to another. The symptoms  can  slowly develop  over an extended period, sometimes several months to years and occasionally they may abruptly appear. In some cases, the disease may be on and off or persist continuously. Some of the symptoms include: hallucinations; where an individual feel or see things that are not real, an individual feels that he/she is always being watched, strange speaking of words,

Movie 'Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967)' review about race

'Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967)' about race according to reading 'In Characters - Movie Review Example The following movie is wonderfully and benevolently an entertaining film. Its production is much in the way of arena drawing humor that seems to involve something more severe and difficult than it really looks. Racism becomes the center problem in the movie. In this relation, Jackson’s article reveals that blacks face a higher percentage of racism in the movie production sphere. Basing on the movie, the marriage between the black man and white miss does not go through because of social bias and race. Thus, the article tries to uphold the concept of racism in Hollywood. In relation to acts of the movie, the theme of racism reflects in different situations. Firstly is the determination of white apprehension about race in the current universal privileges period. Moreover, accepted customs hardly ever challenged the people who had run away from thorough media analysis earlier kept for the whites. In rare instances, the movie tries to analyze prejudice around the south. Thus, the result is cautious and straightforward. In this relation, a problem notable in this movie bases on Spenser Stacy and Katherine Hepburn who viewed themselves as very influential and successful white people. Their moment busts when their daughter came in with a black boyfriend. They became disappointed due to the spirit of racism in them (Hamilton137). Basing on the article, people who have been in supremacy for a very long era were the whites. They tended to employ other white in supporting them. In addition, when they saw a chronicle, people involved were white men or particular kinds of their women. However, as several generations come into place different looks come into play. Thus, this integrates all actors around the globe to the movie industry. Basing on above, understanding of racism becomes clear. In relation, the movie is all about the whites and only a few blacks like the black fiancà © emerge. Basing on the

Background Of IHRM In China

Background Of IHRM In China In the 21st century, HR managers have to meet new challenges. The economy and markets are varied from those of a decade ago. As patterns have modified, the characteristics influencing International Human Resource Management (IHRM) are also changed due to the unfavorable effects of the rising internationalization of all industries particularly to the ones that functions worldwide (Briscoe and Schuler, 2009). Such organizations must build up effective structures and operates in order to keep up to pace with significance, modern trends and policies. The capability of a business to stay in substantial era of time in the industry where it belongs is one measure of its accomplishment. With the recent globalization, every business must operate more successfully in order to sustain with the higher needs of customers and to go with the current of the dynamics of global business competition (Brewster. and Vernon, 2007). Actually, the internationalization of businesses resulted in the developin g application of expatriates to manage growing numbers of global operations. Therefore, a complete acknowledgement of organizational labor force and progress of organizational systems and procedures that will allow people to add value within a larger organizational unit is required. (Brewster. and Vernon, 2007) 1.1 Aim/Purpose of the Paper The purpose of this paper is to discuss the approaches and challenges of International Human Resource Management (IHRM) in the international environment (China) while operating in diverse cultures by identifying the current issues in IHRM to set the future directions. 1.2 Background of IHRM in China With the passage of time there is an increase in the complexity of workforce management in China. There are many factors associated with the growth of human resource management profession and one of the main factors of the attitude of the workforce and the people towards work, changes in the laws that deal with employment-related issues and various sociological trends (Kidd, 2006). The human resources in the Chinese organizations now recognize the importance of the relationship that exists between strategy, technology, people and the main processes that are able to make the organizations more successful. Although there are many organizations in china that have realized the importance but still the progress in the field of HR has been rather slow. (Kidd, 2006) In the older times it has been seen that most important principles of the human resources were used. Human resources have been used in the older times when the tribal leaders were to be selected. The selection process included the recording of the related knowledge and passing this knowledge on to the other tribal people as the knowledge was composed on the information about the safety, hunting, health, and gathering. Advancements in the human resources were seen between 1000 B.C to 2000 B.C. Chinese are the pioneers in using employee screening techniques that started in 1115 B.C. (Kidd, 2006) Since the field of HRM started in china many names have been given to the field. Some of the important names that have been given to the HRM field include personnel relations, industrial relations, employee relations and human resources. Human resources among all other names have been considered as the most suitable name (Richter, 2006). I strongly believe that human resources are the most apt name for it. This is the word that shows that for an organization, human capital is the most important. (Evans and Pucik, 2002) In 1979, Open Door Policy was adopted by China and this is the policy that has been seen as a potential growth forum for the industries in china. There has been a great opening of the markets that has brought in many opportunities for the Chinese but with this many issues and for the foreign enterprises. China has been known for its unique political, economic and cultural environment that makes it hard for the foreign organizations having businesses in China to manage their employees in China. Thereby there are many cross cultural implications for the international business in china as there are issues to be faced in designing and implementing the management training programs. With this the researchers have argued that there is a need of more studies and research on the development of management principles in China. Most of the research has been conducted on the human resources and the practices that have been followed and a very limited concentration has been focused on management d evelopment. (Budhwar, 2004) There has been an increase in the foreign investment in china in the last twenty years. Since the year 1978 there has been a 9% increase in the Chinese economic growth (Budhwar, 2004). In 1996, the economists have reported that the growth in GDP was 9.7%. In the first fiscal months of 1996, the foreign investments were on an average US$7.74 billion. In the year of 1995, china stood second among the countries that attracted foreign investments while the first position was held by USA, having a 42% share of investments made in Asian countries. (Budhwar, 2004) China is seen to be modernizing as there is a large scale reformation in the industrial enterprises so that the problems that are being faced by the industries are solved (Smith, 2005). The changes that have been incorporated in the industries include an increased entrepreneurial autonomy, an increase in the private and rural enterprises, increase in foreign direct investment, an increase in the volumes exported to the developed world, an increase in globalization that has caused an increase in the competition that has led to an increase in business with international market. (William, 2007) Major changes have been seen in china after the increase in joint ventures as these are the ventures that have asked for increased improvement and better performance. But there has been a resistance in changing the ongoing business scenario thus there has been avoidance in the manager level responsibility (Dowling, 2009). There has been an increase in the pressure created by international managers that makes Chinese managers adopt a defensive stance. Thereby there is a need to acknowledge the Chinese system of industrial governance as this is the system that can help in the explanation of the behaviors of the managers that has been shaped by a long gone dependency culture. Here an important example is that of china where a small defensive mode adopted to avoid a single responsibility is defined as collective irresponsibility. This is regarded as a form of a defensive mechanism that is up taken by the managers (Smith, 2005). If there are increased pressures from the international mana gers in case of joint ventures than there are further changes in the local management. In this case it has been realized that important roles are played by providing the managers benefits that include employment and job security and social benefits that are inclusive of health care and housing. (Richter, 2006) In addition to this it has been seen that there has been an existence of the pre-industrial behavior that reflect deference towards hierarchy. These are the kinds of behaviors and attitudes that support a general acceptance towards authoritarian state socialism. This is the situation that can be compared with the communists who have been successful in preserving their cultural values as these values have been seen to be reliable while giving up on the values that have been threatening and harmful. Thereby from here it can be seen that the system is overly dominated on the industrialization and it has caused a great change in the economies, and resources. (William, 2007) There has been a shortage of managerial competence in China and one of the main causes is the systematic industrialization in china. From here it can be deduced that in the changing world of competing markets and increased competition there is a need that the managers in china have more skills in the competitive environment (Dowling, 2009). On the other hand it has been seen that the countries that suffers from the shortage of skilled managers can lag behind in development of better management that is also because of the reason that there are barriers to train managers for better skills. 2.0 Key Human Resource (HR) Practices in China The dramatic reforms in the Chinese economy have immensely influenced the role of the manager in Chinese community. The managers function is altering from a focus mostly on people-problems towards the need for knowledge of the market, financial management and thinking tactically to support competition and cope with joint ventures (Dowling, 2009). As a result, such reforms have generated questions about Chinese managers aptitudes to cope with competition, insecurity, volatility and increased independence. The localization of the administration group in the overseas-invested businesses, due to the cost reasons, puts strong needs on the universal management progress of local managers and experts. (Brewster. and Vernon, 2007) Management in contemporary China is argued to be described as an exact science with an evident and definable understanding base, with a collection of quantitative and operational techniques with general applicability connected to specialized functional expertise (Hutchings, 2006). This is maintained by the proof of a knowledge-based program for trainee managers where an excellent deal of stress is placed on the conventional numbers-oriented (difficult) subjects and far less time is spent on individuals-oriented (easy) subjects. Behind this approach are three problems- professional context, custom and ideology all uniting to dictate this particularly Chinese understanding of the hypothesis and practice of management? Management growth within the conventional educational system is defined as: supporting the more didactic, educator-centered teaching techniques; a focus on hypothesis rather than on experience with little contact with the broader industrial society; and a lack of well ed ucated and well trained management trainers. (Hutchings, 2006) Chinas successful progress as a key economic supremacy can only be obtained with the help of highly qualified, professionally trained administration (Dowling, 2009). In China the management training process is not only associated with economic basis and progress, but also to political and ideological beliefs. Since management progress is supposed as a significant means of improving managerial ability and improving competitive benefit, international firms engaged in joint ventures need to be aware of the cross-cultural implications in the design and implementation of management training courses for Chinese managers and its incorporation into the strategic HR system. (Dowling, 2009) 2.1 Recruitment and Selection It is a critical stage when the firms in China proceed to hire employees to fill the vacancies it has recognized. At the employment stage the firm attracts people to apply for its jobs; at the hiring stage it selects the best individual for the job or jobs from among the people it has fascinated. Employment and selection, thus, refers to the group of methods used to hire and select employees to execute the jobs recognized within the firm. (Cooke, 2007) 2.1.1 Cultural Issues At the time of enrollment and selection procedure in China, firm culture is the most significant and the most complicated part of such organization analysis since various candidates have different insight to same organization culture and moreover, various people communicate with the setting in which they work in a different manner. On the other hand, a thorough organization analysis could be done to emphasize the selection standard. (Warner, 2003) 2.1.2 Cost Benefit Analysis Chinese firms also make cost and advantage analysis at the time of selection and enrollment. The procedure of selection can be expensive, and some recruitment methods could be even more costly, such that some firms could only employ them for a few major vacancies. When a firm chooses its recruitment methods, it would try to assess whether the struggles will be worthwhile. To determine on the most cost-effective techniques, both the costs and the advantages related with the recruitment techniques should be considered. (Cooke, 2007) 2.1.3 Personality Test Personality test has also been adopted in China in selection procedure. They observe aspects of personality that have been demonstrated through research to associate with performance at workplace. Most personality assessments are self-report, where candidates are asked to note how they see themselves on a number of characteristics or behavior. Some items may be unlimited questions asking about preferred actions, and some items may be a selection from a range of statements, asking individual to select which statement most resembles them or is most contrasting them. (Wright, 2004) 2.2 Training and Development Although personnel develop their expertise through every day work, as we have just noted, firms often give additional proper learning chances. These may be off-the-job training programs, or they may contain work based development courses. We can also contain post-graduate qualifications such as the one you are studying for now. Personnel development is an identification that employees may need to develop modern skills or get new information, both for their own growth and to fulfill the firms requirements. (William, 2007) 2.2.1 Cultural Issues When multinationals turn into or with other nations there may be a supposition that because everybody within the firm is working for the same objectives and to the same standards, they will automatically interact, think and view the world in the similar way. When various cultures start working together, issues or complexities occur that several people within these firms are not expert or adept enough to cope with efficiently. This can merely be because they have never had to cope with the problem before. (Wright, 2004) 2.2.2 Language Barriers Language is the most significant thing when Chinese firms offer training to their staff. In China language is often the least complicated hurdle to breach. When we recognize there may be language variations, we have a greater understanding of the potential for issues. On the other hand, much more often its a totally different way of seeing things and an incapability, or reluctance, to see what the other individual is seeing that causes the complexities. (William, 2007) 2.2.3 Misunderstanding the Norms The most major problem in China we can say that misinterpretation the norm because the other individual understands our language (or we understand theirs) that we speak the same language. Often we dont. Even when our Native language is the same, we dont speak it the same way. When we work with other cultures, its easy to be affected by general stereotypes, misunderstandings and biases about our new colleagues. Without understanding it, we carry those understandings and stereotypes into meetings, conferences, training or even social get-together that can make interaction hard and difficult work. (Smith, 2005) 2.3 Performance Management and Appraisal Once the best candidate has been selected and has begun work, firms often wished to observe their work and help them to grow. In the first example, monitoring and growth happens through the normal procedures of daily work, where employees develop themselves with the help of their supervisors (Wright, 2004). On the other hand, some firms have recently begun to take a systematic advancement to the management of individual conduct, seeing it in the perspective of the overall policy of the firm: this is what has come to be called performance management. Several firms have also established it wanted to institute a formal annual review of performance, executed jointly by the worker and his or her supervisor: this is what is called performance evaluation? (Wright, 2004) 2.3.1 Cultural Dimensions In the China more and more shrinking business world, the firm has arrived with a bang. With it have come cultural problems of race, ethnicity, unlike educational background, language problems, etc. The firms in China are striving for proper alignment of cultural variations between workers of towards increasing organizational effectiveness and output. Such firms are evolving performance assessment methods appropriate for measuring and assessing worker performance along cultural dimensions. (Selmer, 2001) 2.3.2 Power Issues in Appraisal In appraising the workers in China power is major threat to companies while appraising the workers. In high power gap cultures, authority is focused at the top of a vertical organizational structure (Jackson, 2005). There are comparatively more supervisory employees, and the resulting variations in power are an accepted disparity between higher-level and lower-level people. Managers depend on formalized roles in which authority is vested and employees expect to be explained what to do without discussion. Close management and authoritative leadership are estimated to lead to job fulfillment, higher performance, and raised output. (Jackson, 2005) 2.3.3 Uncertainty Avoidance Improbability avoidance is the level to which participants of a firm in China fear the unexpected at the time of appraisal. Cultures with a low level of Improbability avoidance do not feel pressure while appraising and endangered when faced with reform and vagueness. Low uncertainty avoidance cultures have a comparatively short average time of job with each organization and feel little loyalty to the company. Although self employment is rare, they choose to work for smaller firms. (Selmer, 2001) 2.4 Compensation Management Deciding how much and in what way employees should be paid is a key part of HR management. Pay assessments are based not only on workers performance, but contain data from more universal performance management and assessment processes, such as an analysis of the movement of payment rates in the external marketplace. (Jackson, 2005) 2.4.1 Cultural Dimensions In Chinese culture, worker name pay-for-performance as the most essential tool in getting the greatest financial consequences at their firms. But, adopting real, pay-for-performance is simpler said than done. In Chinese culture workforces who outperform their colleagues will be rewarded properly, feel valued and content and more likely to stay with your firm. (Selmer, 2001) 2.4.2 Evolution of Compensation Nowadays in China compensation techniques have come from a long way. With the altering organizational structures employees need and compensation techniques have also been altering. From the bureaucratic firms to the participative firms, workers have begun asking for their rights and proper compensations. The higher education standards and higher expertise needed for the employment have made the firms provide competitive compensations to their workers. (Siam, 2007) 2.4.3 Modern Compensation Systems Nowadays the compensation systems are intended aligned to the business objectives and policies. The workers are required to work and take their own decisions. Administration is being delegated. Workers feel secured and valued in the company. Firms offer financial and non-monetary advantages to attract and retain the best talents in the competitive atmosphere. Some of the advantages are special allowances like mobile, firms vehicle; House rent allowances; statutory leaves, etc. (Shen, 2007) 2.5 Labor Relations To make sure productive worker relations, human resources management practitioners must cope with the administration of the relation between the employer and the employees as a whole. In several states and employers a trade union or unions represent employees (Siam, 2007). On the other hand, we will discuss that employment relations are a concern of the human resources manager even if his or her firm is not unionized: she or he must still determine, among other things, how the firm is going to interact with its employees, and the extent to which workers should involve in the management of the firm. 2.5.1 Cultural Dimensions Cultural issues do not describe or affect the way labor relations are executed in Chinas workplace, as several consider they do. The effect of the international market has considerably changed the way labor relations are really followed in China, which is called an international market paradigm. However, Collectivism and Confucianism carry on to affect labor relations in China and the ideological and cultural leftovers still to be found could influence Chinas relations with other countries for years to come. (Siam, 2007) 2.5.2 Employment Policies and Manuals Every firm in China keeps employment strategies and worker manual for workers of any stage. These strategies manuals helps the workers and firms in keeping good relationship by resolving disagreement through the proper processes previously discussed before job. (Siam, 2007) 2.5.3 Unemployment Benefits Many Chinese firms keep proper scheduling about personnel performance to curtail unemployment taxes and evaluation and in defending claims for advantages in managerial proceedings and court petitions. (Shen, 2007) 3.0 IHRM Environmental Factors in China Much of the development in the human resources function over the last thirty years may be typified to its vital role in keeping the firm out of dilemma with the law in China. Most companies are intensely concerned with possible liability resulting from staff decisions that may breach laws endorsed by the state legislatures, and/or local administrations. These laws are persistently understood in thousands of cases brought before regime agencies, federal courts, state courts, and the Supreme Court. (Smith, 2005) 3.1 Government Actions In China the HR management of company relies to a large extent on its capability to deal successfully with administration actions. Operating within the legal structure devise by Government needs keeping track of the external official environment and developing internal procedures (for instance, management training and grievance processes) to make sure compliance and reduce complaints. Several firms are now developing formal strategies on sexual harassment and setting up internal administrative channels to cope with alleged events before workers feel the need to file a case. (Shen, 2007) 3.2 Regional Economic and Political Activity Regional monetary and political activity often has a varied effect on public- and private sector companies. Still, politicians and economy in China typically exert much more control over organizational confronts than over environmental confronts in recruiting staff, determining pay, providing promotions, etc (Shen, 2007). Nevertheless successful managers spot organizational problems and cope with them before they become major issues. Only supervisors who are well educated about significant HR problems and organizational confronts can do this. These challenges encompass the requirement for a competitive position and flexibility, the issues of downscaling and organizational reform, the use of self-managed work groups, the growth of small businesses, the need to develop a strong organizational culture, the part of technology, and the development of outsourcing. (Shen, 2007) 3.3 Cultural Diversity The future achievement of any firms depends on the tendency to manage a diverse body of aptitude that can bring new ideas, views and prospective to their work. The challenge and issues encountered of workplace diversity can be turned into a tactical organizational asset if a firm is capable to capitalize on this melting pot of different talents (Selmer, 2001). With the merge of talents in China of different cultural backgrounds, genders, ages and way of life, a firm respond to business possibilities more quickly and creatively, particularly in the international arena, which must be one of the significant organizational objectives to be achieved. More significantly, if the organizational atmosphere does not support diversity generally, one risks losing talent to rivals. (Selmer, 2001) 4.0 IHRM and China Recently the firms in China are encountering the cultural diversity. The challenge of workplace diversity is also common amongst Singapores Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). With a population of only 4 million individuals and the nations struggle towards high technology and knowledge-based economy; overseas talents are attracted to share their skills in these fields (Cooper and De Cieri, 2007). Therefore, many local human resources managers have to experience cultural-based HR Management training to enhance their capabilities to inspire a group of expert that are highly educated but culturally diverse. Moreover, the human resources professional must assure the local experts that these overseas talents are not a danger to their career development. In several ways, the efficacy of workplace diversity management is reliant on the skilful balancing act of the human resources manager. (Cooper and De Cieri, 2007) One of the major causes for unproductive workplace diversity management is the tendency to pigeonhole workers, placing them in a various silo based on their diversity profile (Hutchings, 2006). In the actual world, diversity cannot be simply classified and those firms that react to human difficulty by leveraging the talents of a wider workforce will be the most useful in flourishing their businesses and their client base. 5.0 IHRM and China As the real diversity is the major problem in China, so in order to successfully manage workplace diversity, Human Resources Manager needs to reform from an ethnocentric view our way is the best way to an ethnically relative view lets take the best of a variety of ways (Warner, 2003). This change in philosophy has to be inbuilt in the managerial structure of the Human Resources Manager in his/her planning, organizing, directing and managing of organizational resources. (Warner, 2003) Most firms in China have determined to begin mentoring program in the future. Because this is the best method to manage workplace diversity problems through initiating a diversity mentoring program. This could entail engaging different departmental supervisors in a mentoring program to coach and provide feedback to workers who are different from them. In order for the program to run effectively, it is wise to give practical training for these supervisors or seek help from advisors and professionals in this field. (Warner, 2003) 6.0 Conclusion The conventional functions of Human Resources Management now need to be tactically directed towards flourishing and sustaining organizational abilities, through activities that overlap with conventional business operations such as finance, marketing, and non-conventional operations, such as knowledge management. HR Information System has great importance in every field. It can execute an essential role and help the interactions procedure in the organization. Most significantly, firms can appoint and retain the leading performers, enhance output and improve job satisfaction of the workers. Human Resources Manager has the liability to amplify competence and profit, but in the current scenario, the role of Human Resources manager is altering quickly due to changes in regime policies, unions, labor legislations and technological advancement. The trends have occurred in the firm, HR planning, job design, enthusiasm, and employment and skill development and worker relations. The challenges can be encountered by Human Resources Manager effectively, if appropriate strategies are adopted. Therefore, the role of Human Resources Manager will be more vital in future due to the emerging scenario.

Designing Agile Organisations Essay -- Enterprise integration modellin

Abstract: We investigate the management system of the enterprise as an agent maintaining a system of objectives. We then analyse the organisation as a set of individual autonomous co-operating agents so that agenthood of the entire enterprise becomes an emergent property of the organisation. Important questions include: under what condition can agenthood emerge? how to create such an organisation?, and how to guarantee that change preserves agenthood?. Introduction It is increasingly important to devise faster and more reliable ways of designing purposeful, agile organisations (Bernus et al, 1997). We use the definition of the organisation as the human component of the enterprise, forming the human-organisational architecture (Williams, 1994). An enterprise can be thought of as consisting of an operational and a decisional system (Doumeingts et al, 1998), each implemented partly by humans and partly by machines (Bernus and Nemes, 1994). We borrow the definition of the 'planning agent' from artificial intelligence to describe the desired quality of the organisation. We demonstrate necessary conditions for the enterprise to behave as an agent, and also show the relationship of this view to concepts such as the fractal factory, holonic manufacturing, and others. The organisation as an agent Two crucial questions in organisational design are: 1) how to design the task structure of the enterprise to form a co-ordinated whole? and 2) what tasks allocation to humans (or groups) ensures that the enterprise will act to satisfy its objectives? The second question is typically not asked in business process engineering: it is assumed that the organisation will to what it is told to. An organisation should conduct a system of activities managed and controlled to satisfy a set of organisational objectives. This requires purposeful behaviour so that the organisation can be characterised as a planning agent. A planning agent determines a course of action to achieve its set of objectives. This course of action, or plan, is constrained by the agent's resources as well as the agent's own functional capabilities. The organisation follows, or appears to be following this plan while monitoring the effectiveness of the actions to actually satisfy the objectives for which the plan was made. If the plan fails in some way, then the plan or the objectives are m... ...319-332 Koestler,A.. (1989) The ghost in the machine. Arkana Books Tharumarajah, A., Wells,J., Nemes,L., (1996) Comparison of the bionic, fractal and holonic manufacturing systems concepts. Int. J. on Computer Integrated Manuf. (3) pp.217-226 Uppington,G., Bernus,P., Assessing the Necessity of Enterprise Change: Pre-feasibility and Feasibility Studies in Enterprise Integration. Int. J. of CIM, 1998 11(5) pp 430-447 Valckenaers,P., VanBrussel,H., Bongaerts,L., Wyns,J. (1997) IMS test case 5: holonic manufacturing systems. Journal of Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering, 4(3), pp191-201. VanHouten,D.R. (1990) The political economy and technical control of work humanization in Sweden during the 1970s and 1980s. Work and Occupations, 14, pp483-513. Warnecke, H.J. (1993) The Fractal Company. Berlin: Springer. Williams,T.J., (1994) The Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture. Computers in Industry, 24 (2-3) pp141-158 Williams,T.J., Bernus,P., Brosvic,J., Chen,D., Doumeingts,G., Nemes,L., Nevins,J.L., Vallespir,B., Vlietstra,J., Zoetekouw,D., (1994) Architectures for integrating manufacturing activities and enterprises. Computers in Industry, 24(2-3) pp111-140

Minimum- Wage Jobs Are A Ticket To Nowhere

I disagree with the statement, and I think that minimum-wage jobs are a good start for first-time employees and a way to keep the prices down for products and services of immediate necessity and some employers might be taking advantage of people who need job but I do not believe this entirely their responsibility. I believe that everyone has to start a minimum –wage job in their teenage years. When we are young we learn habits and behaviors.Minimum-wage jobs teach the habit of first responsibilities – going to work on time, following directions, team work, respect for more experienced coworkers and managers, those jobs teach the dynamics of the work place. Low-wage jobs take the student out of school and place him/her in their new environment where they will spend the rest of their lives. And yes, the jobs are of repetitive nature and sometimes boring but there are more important lessons learned there. My first job was as a sales person of eye glasses at a Christmas fai r.I was hired for one month with no day off to sell glasses during the month of December for a small retailer. I was responsible for the eye glasses to be displayed and clean, and sell them. It was not easy because I had to wake up early, open the shop; and my day finished at 8-9 pm when the store closed. It was a very busy time of the year. It was a very hard one month but there was nothing more satisfying then the first pay check, then I knew I did a good job. There is no embarrassing job if you learn to do it with pride and respect.On the other hand minimum-wage jobs are needed for the economy to keep the prices of products and services of immediate necessity. Let’s just imagine how much more would have to pay for a loaf of bread or a gallon of milk if the cashier was getting higher salary, or how much more the burger menu would cost in the fast food joint next door. At the end of the day there are jobs that require less experience and no college degree, thus less pay. It works the same way as if we go in a department store and we stop by the jewelry department, we’ll see different rings with different prices because they have different values.Regarding the statement that employers are taking advantage of employees, I do not think we have to put the blame on the employers entirely; this is why the government of each state needs to revise the minimum-wage salaries on a regular basis so that they keep up with the changing dynamics of the economy. In today’s fast changing world the job market is somewhat regulated. No employer will pay high salary for basic skills job and vise versa no job requiring exceptional skills and knowledge will be rewarded with minimum wage. In conclusion, low-paid jobs are learning point in our lives and necessity for the economy; we just need to accept it.